Pathologie-biologie
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Pathologie-biologie · Mar 1998
Review[Role of endothelial nitric oxide in the regulation of the vasomotor system].
The arterial wall is structurally and functionally compartmentalized. Each compartment is characterized by a specific cell type and by specific interactions. The endothelial compartment interacts with circulating blood, and the adventitial compartment with the surrounding tissue. ⋯ These phenotype changes may be related to the increase in the oxidative potential of the various types of parietal cells, as suggested by the abnormal presence of inflammatory cells and by the increased expression of inflammation mediators including cyclooxygenase II, inducible NO synthase, and adhesion molecules such as ICAM and VCAM. This model therefore holds promise for elucidating interactions between NO and arteriosclerosis. NO system dysfunction is also seen in other cardiovascular disorders, including congestive heart failure.
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Pathologie-biologie · Mar 1994
Review[Bias of index of T-lymphocytes and chronic inflammatory dermatoses].
The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is still not understood. The hypothesis that a bias in the T cell receptor repertoire could explain the susceptibility of some individuals to a particular disease was recently proposed on the basis of results obtained in animal models of human diseases. In this review, we focus on the structure of the T cell receptor and on the new insights in the study of the T cell repertoire in human inflammatory diseases, with special emphasis to skin disorders.
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Pathologie-biologie · Mar 1994
ReviewThe rationale for xenotransplantation as a solution to the donor organ shortage.
This paper describes the current level of activity in organ transplantation and illustrates that human organ donors are never going to be sufficiently numerous to fill the clinical needs of potential organ recipients. Xenografts are proposed as an alternative solution and arguments are presented to suggest that xenografts from primates to man will not be an appropriate organ source in most cases. Finally the possibility of genetically engineering a pig to provide organs for human use is proposed.
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Pathologie-biologie · Sep 1992
Review Clinical TrialNeonatal herpes simplex virus infections: pathogenesis and therapy.
Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are of increasing incidence in North America, now occurring at a rate of approximately one in 3,500 to one in 5,000 deliveries per year. Disease manifests as one of three forms; namely, infection: localized to the skin, eye and mouth (SEM), encephalitis (CNS), or disseminated disease. With the advent of antiviral therapy, it has become possible to decrease mortality and improve morbidity for babies suffering from infection. ⋯ Furthermore, life threatening infections of the CNS or of multiple organs, have mortality with either acyclovir or vidarabine therapy. Now approximately 15% (CNS) and 50% (disseminated disease) of babies die from neonatal HSV disease. The results of ongoing studies in the United States will summarize the pathogenesis and treatment of neonatal HSV infection.
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Five beta-blocking agents are effective as long-term prophylactic treatment of migraine: propranolol, metoprolol, timolol, atenolol and nadolol. Propranolol has been most extensively studied and proved effective in 19 of 21 controlled trials. ⋯ Among the properties of beta-blockers, the only one which appears to be correlated--albeit negatively--with effectiveness on migraine is intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA): drugs without ISA are effective against migraine whereas partial agonists are not. The mode of action of beta-blockers in migraine is still poorly understood; one of the most cogent current hypotheses involves reduction of brain catecholaminergic hyperactivity.