Early human development
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Early human development · Mar 2014
ReviewBi-directional activation of inflammation and coagulation in septic neonates.
Neonatal sepsis is frequently accompanied by significant and sometimes life-threatening coagulopathy. More complete understanding is needed of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the interaction of the inflammatory and hemostatic systems. Such information may help focus future studies toward novel ways to improve the outcome of neonates who develop septic coagulopathy.
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Early human development · Jan 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialThe influence of fish-oil lipid emulsions on retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial.
To compare the effect of two lipid emulsions on the development of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. ⋯ Premature infants with very low birth weight receiving an intravenous fat emulsion containing fish oil developed less retinopathy of prematurity.
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Early human development · Dec 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii on necrotizing enterocolitis or sepsis in very low birth weight infants: a randomised controlled trial.
Probiotics have strain specific effects and the effects of fungi in preventing diseases in preterm infants have been investigated poorly. Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast which acts both as a probiotic and a polyamine producer. ⋯ Saccharomyces boulardii did not decrease the incidence of NEC or sepsis.
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Early human development · Nov 2013
ReviewOptimal timing of umbilical cord clamping for term and preterm babies.
Deferring cord clamping allows blood flow between baby and placenta to continue for a few moments. This often leads to increased neonatal blood volume at birth. It also allows for longer transition to the neonatal circulation. ⋯ Therefore, a more liberal approach to deferring cord clamping appears to be warranted, provided screening and treatment for jaundice requiring phototherapy is available. For preterm births, although there are few data on the main clinical outcomes, the evidence is promising that deferred cord clamping may be beneficial. For both term and preterm infants there is little information about long term development.
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Until about forty years ago, the womb shielded the fetus from observation and therapy. The rapid changes in the diagnosis and treatment of human fetal anatomical abnormalities are due to improved fetal imaging studies as well as fetal sampling techniques (e.g. amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling), and a better understanding of fetal pathophysiology derived from laboratory animals. ⋯ The fetal surgical treatment of the most severe form of spina bifida - myelomeningocele (MMC) - will be used as a paradigm to illustrate progress in and future prospects for fetal surgery. This review will focus on the rationale for in utero repair in the context of pathologic observations and animal models of MMC, outcomes from human fetal MMC repair including the recently completed Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS trial), and future research directions.