Early human development
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Early human development · Dec 2015
The sex ratio at birth in South Africa increased 9months after the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
In humans in the absence of significant stress the sex ratio at birth [males/(males+females)] is in favor of more male than female live births. ⋯ The 2010 FIFA World Cup was followed about 9months afterwards by a significant increase in the sex ratio at birth. The main mechanism driving the observed increase in the sex ratio at birth in South Africa is most likely more frequent sexual intercourse at population level during the tournament.
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Early human development · Dec 2015
Neurobehavioral development prior to term-age of preterm infants and acute stressful events during neonatal hospitalization.
Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) protect preterm infants; otherwise, this is a stressful environment including painful stimuli. ⋯ The extreme preterm was exposed to higher stressful experiences than moderate and late preterm infants. However, the moderate preterm infants presented more vulnerable than the other counterparts in motor and vigor outcomes.
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Early human development · Oct 2015
The effect of caffeine citrate on neural breathing pattern in preterm infants.
Caffeine citrate is widely used to prevent and treat prematurity-associated apnea. ⋯ Edi signal can be reliably measured and processed to study changes in premature infants' neural breathing. The beneficial effect of caffeine citrate on the reduction of the number of apnea is mediated through stimulated neural breathing increasing the diaphragm energy expenditure.
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Early human development · Jul 2015
Effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on breathing and transition at birth in very preterm infants.
The effects of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on transition in preterm infants are important as this procedure is becoming increasingly recommended. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of DCC with an historical cohort. ⋯ DCC in these very preterm infants was well tolerated and the majority established spontaneous respiration whilst DCC was occurring. Infants who did not breathe during DCC had worse outcomes.
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Early human development · Jun 2015
Multicenter StudyTreatment of supraventricular tachycardia in infants: Analysis of a large multicenter database.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common arrhythmia in infants. Infants are typically treated with antiarrhythmic medications, but there is a lack of evidence guiding management, thus exposing infants to risks of both inadequate therapy and medication adverse events. We used data from a large clinical database to better understand current practices in SVT management, safety of commonly used medications, and outcomes of hospitalized infants treated for SVT. ⋯ Significant variation in SVT treatment and suboptimal outcomes warrant future clinical trials to determine best practices in treating SVT in infants.