Ophthalmology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Predictive factors for glaucomatous visual field progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study.
To investigate the risk factors associated with visual field (VF) progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) with pointwise linear regression (PLR) analysis of serial VFs. ⋯ Both increasing age and greater IOP fluctuation increase the odds of VF progression by 30% (for each 5-year increment in age and 1-mmHg increase in IOP fluctuation). The higher risk conferred by IOP fluctuation was consistently observed in eyes with and without a history of cataract extraction.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Laserinterferometric assessment of pilocarpine-induced movement of an accommodating intraocular lens: a randomized trial.
To measure the axial movement of an accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) induced by ciliary muscle contraction after application of pilocarpine. ⋯ Pilocarpine induced a small but significant forward movement of the accommodating IOL. However, the amount of movement was calculated to result in a refractive change of <0.5 diopters (D) in most patients, reaching 1 D or slightly more in only single cases, with a large variability of movement. Neither polishing of the capsule bag nor a posterior capsulorhexis could enhance the accommodative ability.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Droperidol and dolasetron alone or in combination for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after vitrectomy.
Droperidol and the new serotonin-3 antagonists are effective drugs for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The aim of this trial was to evaluate whether dolasetron could be a substitute for droperidol, because the Food and Drug Administration has required a Black Box warning on the droperidol package insert. ⋯ Low-dose droperidol (10 microg. kg(-1)) but not dolasetron (12.5 mg) reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting after vitreoretinal surgery. Dolasetron (12.5 mg) is not an equivalent substitute for droperidol.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Localization of local anesthetic solution by magnetic resonance imaging.
The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of local anesthetic solution by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after combined peribulbar and retrobulbar, superomedial retrobulbar, and sub-Tenon's injection in relation to clinical akinesia. ⋯ Reliable anesthesia is achieved using a combined peribulbar and retrobulbar block and a relatively great volume of local anesthetic solution, which spreads throughout the orbit, as evidenced by MRI. After superomedial retrobulbar and sub-Tenon's injection, the local anesthetic solution accumulates behind the globe. Sub-Tenon's injection gives good analgesia and slight akinesia with a very small volume. Superomedial retrobulbar injection and combined peribulbar and retrobulbar block provide a similar degree of exophthalmos, which seems to be the result of the volume injected behind the globe.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Risks and benefits of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication use before cataract surgery.
To estimate the risks and benefits associated with continuation of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medication use before cataract surgery. ⋯ The risks of medical and ophthalmic events surrounding cataract surgery were so low that absolute differences in risk associated with changes in routine anticoagulant or antiplatelet use were minimal.