The American journal of medicine
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The placebo effect can be defined as any improvement of illnesses or reduction of subjective symptoms that result from interventions possessing no known physical effects. By contrast, the nocebo effect refers to undesirable symptoms or illnesses that follow interventions also lacking known physical effects. ⋯ Both placebo and nocebo effects can be potent and must be understood by both practitioners and researchers for proper application in clinical medicine. Individual caregivers can apply these principles to modify results in the daily care of patients.
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The relation of domestic physical activity with hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prospective relation of domestic physical activity and new-onset hypertension among Chinese males and females. ⋯ Moderate domestic physical activity was associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension among both males and females.
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Bleeding remains a complication during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Some data suggest a link between bleeding and worsened vascular outcomes. However, this association is unclear, due to omitting of minor bleedings when applying conservative scales. In contrast, the Platelet Inhibition and Outcomes (PLATO) trial classification used broad realistic capturing of all bleedings. ⋯ These large uniformly adjudicated data reveal that within 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy, 1 out of 5 patients experiences bleeding. Overall, bleeding was associated with diminished incidence of death and MI but not strokes.
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Although secondary cardiovascular prevention is a focus among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD), the application of guideline-recommended therapy in T2D patients and isolated cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) remains unknown. ⋯ Among T2D patients, those with isolated CeVD had the lowest rates of secondary cardiovascular prevention goals attainment. More focus is needed on secondary prevention in patients with CeVD.