The American journal of medicine
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The world is currently grappling with the potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), marking it as the most severe health crisis in the modern era. COVID-19 has led to a pandemic, with the World Health Organization (WHO) predicting that individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of contracting the virus compared to the general population. This review aims to provide a practical summary of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on different types of diabetic patients, the associated mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms, related complications, and the role of vitamin D and zinc in therapeutic and preventive approaches. ⋯ Diabetes increases the morbidity and mortality risk for patients with COVID-19. Efforts are globally underway to explore therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the impact of diabetes on COVID-19.
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Review Case Reports
A Case-Based Approach to the Management of Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease: Updates from the 2023 AHA/ACC Guidelines.
The 2023 American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) Multisociety Guideline for the Management of Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease presents important updates to the care of patients with chronic coronary disease. The recommendations of these guidelines inform the care for patients with 1) asymptomatic coronary artery disease, 2) stable angina or equivalent symptoms (e.g., dyspnea upon exertion), 3) symptomatic nonobstructive coronary disease including coronary microvascular dysfunction and vasospasm, and 4) left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction with known coronary artery disease. In this review, we aim to demonstrate key recommendations in the 2023 guideline using the following four hypothetical cases.
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Smoking elevates blood pressure (BP) whereas smoking cessation increases body weight (BW), which predisposes new quitters to the development of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking cessation and subsequent BW change on the odds of developing hypertension. ⋯ The odds of developing hypertension were increased in new quitters only when their BW gain was not controlled after smoking cessation.
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Evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors could experience COVID-19 sequelae. Although various risk factors for COVID-19 sequelae have been identified, little is known about whether a sedentary lifestyle is an independent risk factor. ⋯ Prolonged sedentary behavior was independently associated with a higher risk of both acute and post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, whereas physical inactivity played contradictory roles in COVID-19 sequelae.