Neurosurgery
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Delayed cerebral ischemia is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and is a major contributor to poor outcome. Yet, although generally attributed to arterial vasospasm, neurological deterioration may also occur in the absence of vasospasm. ⋯ Delayed infarcts following aSAH can occur in territories without angiographic vasospasm and are more likely watershed in distribution.
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As the availability of imaging modalities has increased, the finding of arachnoid cysts has become common. Accurate patient counseling regarding physical activity or risk factors for cyst rupture or hemorrhage has been hampered by the lack of definitive association studies. ⋯ This case-control study suggests that larger arachnoid cyst size and recent head trauma are risk factors for symptomatic arachnoid cyst rupture/hemorrhage.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The durability of carotid endarterectomy: long-term results for restenosis and stroke.
Carotid endarterectomy is a low-risk treatment for carotid occlusive disease. Recent clinical trials have suggested that carotid angioplasty may be a viable alternative. One important issue that has not been evaluated is the long-term recurrent stenosis rate after either intervention. ⋯ Carotid endarterectomy is an extremely safe treatment for carotid stenosis with very low perioperative complications and low rates of recurrent stenosis or late stroke. When endarterectomy is compared with angioplasty, in addition to periprocedural complications, the durability of both interventions needs to be considered, given the risks and costs of repeat interventions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial.
Currently, the most common treatment for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), generally with programmable valve implantation. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is another treatment option, and it does not require prosthesis implantation. ⋯ Compared with ETV, VPS is a superior method because it had better functional neurological outcomes 12 months after surgery.