Neurosurgery
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Millions of Americans experience residual deficits from traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Despite advancements in surgical technique, repair typically results in poor functional outcomes due to prolonged periods of denervation resulting from long regenerative distances coupled with slow rates of axonal regeneration. Novel surgical solutions require valid preclinical models that adequately replicate the key challenges of clinical PNI. ⋯ The models presented herein provide opportunities to investigate peripheral nerve regeneration using different nerves tailored for specific mechanisms of interest, such as nerve modality (motor, sensory, and mixed fiber composition), injury length (short/long gap), and total regenerative distance (proximal/distal injury).
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Despite the impact of Parkinson disease (PD) on speech communication, there is no consensus regarding the effect of lead location on voice-related outcomes in subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). ⋯ Active contact placement within the anterior sensorimotor STN was associated with improved perceptual and acoustic-aerodynamic voice-related outcomes. These findings suggest an STN topography for improving airflow for speech, in turn improving how PD patients' voices sound.
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The spectrum of injury severity for abusive head trauma (AHT) severity is broad, but outcomes are unequivocally worse than accidental trauma. There are few publications that analyze different outcomes of AHT. ⋯ We have identified several demographic and clinical variables that correlate with 3 clinically applicable outcomes of abusive head injury.