Maturitas
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Using Hill's methodology for exploring causality, we aimed to determine in early May 2020 whether evidence supports vitamin D as a biological determinant of COVID-19 outcomes. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone theoretically able to reduce COVID-19 risk through regulation of (i) the renin-angiotensin system, (ii) cellular innate and adaptive immunity, and (iii) physical barriers. ⋯ Randomized controlled trials testing vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of COVID-19 are in progress. Positive results in such studies would encourage the use of vitamin D supplements as an adjuvant treatment in COVID-19.
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Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological disorder that usually begins in adolescence, and affects patients' daily activities and quality of life. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are considered the first-line treatment, and hormonal contraceptives are also recommended for PD, but both are prone to side-effects. The Chinese herbal formula Siwutang (SWT) and its derivative formulas are a common treatment for PD in China. This review assessed the efficacy and safety of SWT for the treatment of PD. ⋯ CRD42019136230 in PROSPERO 2019.
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To report 5-year clinical and imaging outcomes of primary transoburator midurethral sling (TOT) procedures for uncomplicated urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). ⋯ For uncomplicated USI, TOT has good and sustained clinical and imaging outcomes, though a notable rate of de novo voiding dysfunction.
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The zoonotic virus now named SARS-CoV-2 first infected humans in China, and COVID-19 has rapidly become pandemic. To mitigate its impact on societies, health systems and economies, countries have adopted non-pharmacological preventive practices such as 'spatial' or 'social' distancing, the use of protective masks, and handwashing; these have been widely implemented. However, measures aimed at protecting physical health and healthcare systems have side-effects that might have a big impact on individuals' wellbeing. ⋯ More than just resolute governmental action will be required to overcome the pandemic. Links between science and political actions have to be strengthened. Fighting COVID-19 is a collective endeavour and community action, on a global scale, is of paramount importance.