Onkologie
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Multicenter Study
Clinical usefulness of free PSA in early detection of prostate cancer.
Measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as an aid in early detection of prostate cancer. Most patients with prostate cancer and a PSA level less than 10.0 ng/ml have early-stage disease. Thus, the detection of prostate cancer in its potentially curable stages requires the use of low PSA cutoffs, inevitably leading to many unnecessary biopsies. The combined use of free PSA and total PSA increases specificity of early detection. To develop risk assessment guidelines and a cutoff value of ratio of free (f) to total (t) PSA with a high predictive value for prostate cancer in men to whom the test would be applied in real life practice, a multicenter early detection trial was initiated. ⋯ Using % fPSA in early detection of prostate cancer reduces the number of unnecessary biopsies, especially in men with negative rectal examination in the PSA range of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml. In order to diminish biopsy rate in men 70 years or older a cutoff of 16% fPSA should be used. A cutoff of 20% fPSA in men younger than 70 years is recommended to increase sensitivity in that age group.
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1996 wurde von der <
> (IAH), in der Vertreter an der Behandlung von Hodentumoren beteiligter Arbeitsgruppen der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (AIO, AUO und ARO) zusammenarbeiten, ein < > erarbeitet und publiziert [1, 2]. 1998 erfolgte der Zusammenschluss der IAH mit der < > der AUO zur < > (GTCSG). Die Beteiligung aller wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften, die mit der Klinik von Hodentumoren befasst sind, sollte die wissenschaftliche Basis erweitern, die Qualität der von der Gruppe erarbeiteten diagnostischen und therapeutischen Standards für Hodentumoren erhöhen und eine breite Umsetzung der interdisziplinär erarbeiteten Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie ermöglichen [3, 4]. ⋯ Copyright 2000 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg -
Tumor-associated antigens recognized by cellular or humoral effectors of the immune system represent attractive targets for antigen-specific cancer therapy. Different groups of cancer-associated antigens have been identified inducing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro and in vivo: 1) 'Cancer-Testis' (CT) antigens, which are expressed in different tumors and normal testis, 2) melanocyte differentiation antigens, 3) point mutations of normal genes, 4) antigens that are overexpressed in malignant tissues, and 5) viral antigens. Clinical studies with peptides derived from these antigens have been initiated to study the induction of specific CTL responses in vivo. ⋯ Clinical studies with antigenic constructs to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses will show whether these are more effective for immunotherapy of cancer. Copyright 2000 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
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More than 50% of patients with gastric cancer initially present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. In general, gastric cancer in an advanced or metastatic stage is regarded as incurable. Despite treatment with palliative chemotherapy, the median survival time is still limited and does not exceed 12 months. CASE REPORT: We report on a patient with advanced and metastatic gastric cancer who received palliative surgery and subsequent palliative chemotherapy. ⋯ Palliative chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer may seldom lead to long-term clinical remission. Copyright 2000 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg