Sleep
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The aim of the study was to determine the role of respiratory events, assessed by means of esophageal pressure monitoring, during arousals from slow wave sleep in adult patients with parasomnias. ⋯ Sleep-disordered breathing seems to be frequently associated with parasomnias during slow wave sleep, emphasizing the utility of performing esophageal pressure monitoring in cases of sleep walking or night terrors.
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Under particular conditions, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) can potentially give rise to ischemic stroke by means of paradoxical embolization, due to right-to-left shunt. Our study aimed to evaluate the presence of right-to-left shunt in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and diagnosed PFO during sleep. ⋯ In the nocturnal sleep period, right-to-left shunt can occur during single obstructive apneas in patients with OSAS and concomitant presence of PFO. This can be a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. This risk could probably increase proportionally to the respiratory disturbance index of these patients.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Sleep in depressed and nondepressed participants with chronic low back pain: electroencephalographic and behaviour findings.
To study the nature of sleep disturbance in depressed and nondepressed patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). ⋯ Lower sigma power in participants with CLBP suggests less-effective sensorimotor gating that may contribute to poor sleep quality. Pain subgroup differences underscore the need to consider the influence of depression in the evaluation of sleep in clinical populations. This study controlled for many factors other than pain that may contribute to the sleep complaints in this population. Consequently, the absence of signs of major sleep disturbance must not be interpreted as evidence of a lack of a true sleep problem in CLBP but more likely reflects control of these factors as well as the difficulty in measuring sleep quality.
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We utilized novel three-dimensional volumetric analysis techniques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the upper airway and surrounding soft-tissue structures. These MRI techniques allowed us to objectively quantify the volume of the tongue, soft palate, parapharyngeal fat pads, and lateral pharyngeal walls. ⋯ These data indicate that volumetric MRI is a powerful tool to study anatomic changes in the upper airway and surrounding soft-tissue structures and is sensitive enough to detect changes in these structures.
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To describe patterns and severities of the daytime and nighttime symptoms of chronic insomnia patients. ⋯ Patients with chronic insomnia report significant daytime as well as nighttime symptoms. Depression-related and primary insomnias were separable only by some highly characteristic symptoms of depression. Diagnostic subgroups of insomnia patients may vary in how their overall distress relates to diminished self-reported sleep. Nighttime and daytime symptoms need to be assessed together when measuring insomnia severity.