Sleep
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of zolpidem on the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure as treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.
Assess the effect of the hypnotic zolpidem on the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ⋯ Acute administration of zolpidem 10 mg does not impair the efficacy of an effective level of CPAP in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sleep-facilitating effect of exogenous melatonin in healthy young men and women is circadian-phase dependent.
To investigate the effects of a physiologic and a pharmacologic dose of exogenous melatonin on sleep latency and sleep efficiency in sleep episodes initiated across a full range of circadian phases. ⋯ Exogenous melatonin administration possesses circadian-phase-dependent hypnotic properties, allowing for improved consolidation of sleep that occurs out of phase with endogenous melatonin secretion during the circadian night. The results support the hypothesis that both exogenous and endogenous melatonin attenuate the wake-promoting drive from the circadian system.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure versus supplemental oxygen on sleep quality in obstructive sleep apnea: a placebo-CPAP-controlled study.
We investigated the short-term effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen in improving sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ⋯ CPAP was associated with an improvement in sleep quality in patients with OSA by consolidating sleep, reducing stage 1 sleep, and improving REM sleep. CPAP was effective in correcting the respiratory and arousal abnormalities of OSA. The effectiveness of supplemental oxygen was limited to oxyhemoglobin desaturation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine for treating insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Insomnia is a prevalent health complaint associated with daytime impairments, reduced quality of life, and increased health-care costs. Although it is often self-treated with herbal and dietary supplements or with over-the-counter sleep aids, there is still little evidence on the efficacy and safety of those products. ⋯ The findings show a modest hypnotic effect for a valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine relative to placebo. Sleep improvements with a valerian-hops combination are associated with improved quality of life. Both treatments appear safe and did not produce rebound insomnia upon discontinuation during this study. Overall, these findings indicate that a valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine might be useful adjuncts in the treatment of mild insomnia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Modafinil for treatment of residual excessive sleepiness in nasal continuous positive airway pressure-treated obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) usually reduces sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. However, even with regular use of nCPAP, some patients experience residual excessive sleepiness. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the wake-promoting agent modafinil for treating residual excessive sleepiness in nCPAP-treated patients. ⋯ These results confirm previous shorter-term controlled trials, indicating modafinil is a useful adjunct therapy for improving wakefulness in patients with residual excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome who were treated with nCPAP.