Sleep
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A double-blind study in healthy volunteers to assess the effects on sleep of pregabalin compared with alprazolam and placebo.
To assess the effects of pregabalin compared with alprazolam and placebo on aspects of sleep in healthy volunteers. ⋯ Pregabalin appears to have an effect on sleep and sleep architecture that distinguishes it from benzodiazepines. Enhancement of slow-wave sleep is intriguing, since reductions in slow-wave sleep have frequently been reported in fibromyalgia and general anxiety disorder.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Daytime sleep and performance following a zolpidem and melatonin cocktail.
Pharmacologic enhancement of daytime sleep may help sustain optimal cognitive performance. At effective doses, zolpidem induces sleep but also impairs performance. Combining melatonin with low-dose zolpidem may promote daytime sleep without exacerbating performance impairments seen with high-dose zolpidem alone. ⋯ No advantages to administering melatonin plus zolpidem "cocktails" were evident. Unlike zolpidem, melatonin 5 mg alone improved daytime sleep without impairing memory and vigilance. Functional coupling of sleep-inducing and memory-impairing effects may be specific to benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as zolpidem, suggesting potential advantages to using melatonin in the operational environment. That melatonin's sleep-promoting effects were delayed for several hours presents a practical consideration that may limit melatonin's usefulness when daytime sleep periods cannot be reliably anticipated or planned in advance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of limited monitoring using a nasal-cannula flow signal to full polysomnography in sleep-disordered breathing.
Evaluate the utility of overnight monitoring limited to nasal cannula airflow and oximetry in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). ⋯ In subjects with OSAHS, analysis of the flow signal from a nasal cannula can provide an RDI similar to that obtained in a full NPSG.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Systematic interindividual differences in neurobehavioral impairment from sleep loss: evidence of trait-like differential vulnerability.
To investigate interindividual differences in neurobehavioral deficits during sleep deprivation, and to establish to what extent the neurobehavioral responses to sleep loss are a function of sleep history versus trait-like differential vulnerability. ⋯ Neurobehavioral deficits from sleep loss varied significantly among individuals and were stable within individuals. Interindividual differences in neurobehavioral responses to sleep deprivation were not merely a consequence of variations in sleep history. Rather, they involved trait-like differential vulnerability to impairment from sleep loss, for which neurobiologic correlates have yet to be discovered.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
A multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of melatonin for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's disease.
To determine the safety and efficacy of 2 dose formulations of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ⋯ Based on actigraphy as an objective measure of sleep time, melatonin is not an effective soporific agent in people with Alzheimer's disease.