The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Hypovolemic shock is the manifestation of hypoperfusion from inadequate intravascular volume resulting in cellular hypoxia. Early, effective treatment tailored to the individual patient will minimize morbidity and mortality. The causes and end-organ responses can differ with each patient, requiring an understanding of the underlying physiology and pathophysiology. Treatment always consists of oxygen and isotonic crystalloids and may require the use of colloids, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and vasomotor drugs.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Sep 1994
ReviewTracheostomies in the management of canine and feline upper respiratory disease.
Permanent tracheostomy and tube tracheostomy are both important for patients' supportive care; neither procedure cures any particular disease. Permanent tracheostomy is indicated to by-pass upper airway obstructions in the ambulatory patient needing an alternate airflow route for a long period. ⋯ Obstruction of the tube or stoma is the most common life-threatening problem. Most problems can be circumvented with careful and diligent patient management.
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Skin stapling is the fastest method of closure for long skin incisions. In addition, clean-contaminated wounds closed by staples have a greater resistance to infections than wounds closed with suture. ⋯ Many skin staplers are available to the veterinary surgeon and most perform satisfactorily. Stapling may be economically feasible when the reduced cost of surgical time and anesthesia is considered.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 1992
ReviewDisadvantages of neuromuscular blocking agents.
Neuromuscular blocking agents have few indications and significant contraindications or problems associated with their use. The need for controlled ventilation and the difficulties of monitoring anesthetic depth when using neuromuscular blocking agents are overriding factors that mitigate against their routine use.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 1992
Review Practice Guideline GuidelineAdvantages and guidelines for using alpha-2 agonists as anesthetic adjuvants.
Xylazine and medetomidine produce reliable sedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in dogs and cats. In addition, alpha-2 agonists have proved very effective as sedative-analgesic adjuncts when coadministered with benzodiazepine or opioid agonists. Alpha-2 agonists should not be classified as monoanesthetics. ⋯ Because of the acute alterations in cardiopulmonary function commonly induced by alpha-2 agonists, it is suggested that their use be restricted to the young healthy patient undergoing routine surgical or diagnostic procedure. The development of more specific and selective alpha-2 agonists will continue to enhance the safety and reliability of this novel class of compounds. The unique spectrum of anesthetic properties induced by alpha-2 agonists has assured them of an increasingly prominent role in the development of new and sophisticated ways of achieving anesthesia.