The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Hypovolemic shock is the manifestation of hypoperfusion from inadequate intravascular volume resulting in cellular hypoxia. Early, effective treatment tailored to the individual patient will minimize morbidity and mortality. The causes and end-organ responses can differ with each patient, requiring an understanding of the underlying physiology and pathophysiology. Treatment always consists of oxygen and isotonic crystalloids and may require the use of colloids, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and vasomotor drugs.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Sep 1994
ReviewTracheostomies in the management of canine and feline upper respiratory disease.
Permanent tracheostomy and tube tracheostomy are both important for patients' supportive care; neither procedure cures any particular disease. Permanent tracheostomy is indicated to by-pass upper airway obstructions in the ambulatory patient needing an alternate airflow route for a long period. ⋯ Obstruction of the tube or stoma is the most common life-threatening problem. Most problems can be circumvented with careful and diligent patient management.
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Skin stapling is the fastest method of closure for long skin incisions. In addition, clean-contaminated wounds closed by staples have a greater resistance to infections than wounds closed with suture. ⋯ Many skin staplers are available to the veterinary surgeon and most perform satisfactorily. Stapling may be economically feasible when the reduced cost of surgical time and anesthesia is considered.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 1992
ReviewAdvantages of and guidelines for using neuromuscular blocking agents.
Neuromuscular blocking agents, although not commonly used in veterinary practice, should be considered when muscle relaxation is needed to facilitate surgical exposure and minimize tissue trauma. These drugs should be administered only once respiration has been controlled and anesthetic agents have been administered to induce unconsciousness and analgesia. Following administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs, neuromuscular and cardiovascular function must be monitored.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 1992
ReviewPrecautions when using alpha-2 agonists as anesthetics or anesthetic adjuvants.
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists have some unique properties that could theoretically make them useful in the perianesthetic period: they reduce the MAC of inhaled anesthetics, and they are reversible. They also have properties that may limit their usefulness, such as marked decreases in cardiac output. Their clinical utility awaits further studies.