The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2012
ReviewCommon rodenticide toxicoses in small animals.
This article focuses on the 3 most commonly used rodenticide types: anticoagulants, bromethalin, and cholecalciferol. It is important to verify the active ingredient in any rodenticide exposure. ⋯ The EPA released their final ruling on rodenticide risk mitigation measures in 2008 and all the products on the market had to be compliant by June 2011, changing to consumer products containing either first-generation anticoagulants or nonanticoagulants including bromethalin and cholecalciferol. These regulations are likely to cause an increase in the number of bromethalin and cholecalciferol cases.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2012
ReviewToxicology of frequently encountered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs and cats.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of heterogeneous compounds extensively used in both human and veterinary medicine for their antipyretic, anti-inflammation, and analgesic properties. NSAIDs consist of a wide range of pharmacologically active agents with different chemical structures, with similar therapeutic and adverse effects. ⋯ The most common NSAID involved was ibuprofen, followed by aspirin, naproxen, deracoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, piroxicam, indomethacin, nabumetone, and etodolac. This article provides a brief overview of classification, mechanism of action, pharmacologic and toxicologic properties, and treatment information involving frequently encountered human and veterinary NSAIDs in dogs and cats.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Sep 2011
ReviewComplications of upper airway surgery in companion animals.
Surgery of the upper airway is performed in dogs for the correction of brachycephalic airway syndrome and laryngeal paralysis and for temporary or permanent tracheostomy. Although technically simple to perform, upper airway surgeries can lead to the development of significant postoperative complications. This article reviews complications associated with common surgical conditions of the upper airway. ⋯ It also covers laryngeal paralysis with a focus on unilateral arytenoid lateralization and the complication of aspiration pneumonia. The condition of acquired laryngeal webbing/stenosis and potential treatment options is also discussed. Finally, tracheostomies and associated complications in dogs and cats are reviewed.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Jul 2011
ReviewGoal-directed therapy in small animal critical illness.
Monitoring critically ill patients can be a daunting task even for experienced clinicians. Goal-directed therapy is a technique involving intensive monitoring and aggressive management of hemodynamics in patients with high risk of morbidity and mortality. ⋯ One example is early goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock. The components and application of goals in early goal-directed therapy are discussed.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Jul 2011
Gastrointestinal complications of critical illness in small animals.
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the shock organs in dogs. GI dysfunction in critically ill veterinary patients manifests in mild problems such as hypomotility, anorexia, and nausea to more serious problems such as intractable vomiting, severe diarrhea, and septicemia. Septicemia is a serious complication of GI dysfunction because intestinal flora gains access to a patient's bloodstream, leading to infections in other organ systems and a systemic inflammatory response. The therapy for GI dysfunction is mainly supportive, treating nausea and dehydration although supporting the ailing GI tract with adequate enteral nutrition and, in some cases, dietary supplements and antibiotics.