Læknablađiđ
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Fetal medicine is a subspecialty of obstetrics investigating the development, growth and disease of the human fetus. Often, the mother is part of the definition of the subspecialty where maternal diseases specific to pregnancy are included and therefore named Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM). It is appropriate to have one subspecialty for the maternal-fetal unit and the Icelandic subspecialty is named accordingly; "Prenatal diagnosis and maternal diseases". ⋯ In Iceland the subspecialization is less advanced. This article describes common tasks of the fetal medicine physician and examples are given where advances in technology have changed management for instance in aneuploidy screening, Rhesus allo-immunization and fetal interventions. Finally, the establishment of the Nordic Network of Fetal Medicine is described.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
[Prescribing physical activity after labour, for women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus].
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been rapidly increasing in Iceland and 19% of women who gave birth at Landspítali - University hospital in 2018 were diagnosed with GDM. Women who develop GDM in pregnancy have an increased risk of recurrence in future pregnancies, as well as an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are known risk factors for the development of GDM. Prescribing physical activity has become an available treatment option in all Icelandic primary healthcare centres. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of prescribing postpartum exercise for women with a history of GDM on their physical activity level, quality of life, BMI and biochemical markers typical for metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Prescribing physical activity after delivery for women with a history of GDM significantly increased their general activity level and breastfeeding seems to have a lowering effect on insulin levels.
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The incidence of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) in Iceland during 1992-2016 was examined along with timing of diagnosis, maternal residence, known risk factors and perinatal outcomes. ⋯ The incidence of congenital anomalies of the CNS is stable and maternal risk factors are infrequent. Around 90% were diagnosed prenatally. Fetal anencephaly was diagnosed earlier at the end of the study period, after the introduction of a 11-14 week ultrasound scan in 2003, along with increased training among -healthcare professionals and improved ultrasound equipment. Higher prenatal detection rate in urban areas compared with rural may be explained by fewer ultrasound examinations being performed in less populated health districts, staff consequently receiving less training and experience and also with less advanced equipment.