Forensic science international
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The analysis and reconstruction of forensically relevant events, such as traffic accidents, criminal assaults and homicides are based on external and internal morphological findings of the injured or deceased person. For this approach high-tech methods are gaining increasing importance in forensic investigations. The non-contact optical 3D digitising system GOM ATOS is applied as a suitable tool for whole body surface and wound documentation and analysis in order to identify injury-causing instruments and to reconstruct the course of event. ⋯ In the second case a woman was hit by a car, driving backwards into a garage. It was unclear if the driver drove backwards once or twice, which would indicate that he willingly injured and killed the woman. With this work, we demonstrate how 3D documentation, data merging and animation enable to answer reconstructive questions regarding the dynamic development of patterned injuries, and how this leads to a real data based reconstruction of the course of event.
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We present a case of fatal cervical discoligamentous hyperextension injury without fracture. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) disclosed cervical instability and spinal cord injury in the absence of fracture, which was confirmed by autopsy. ⋯ Because of its greater sensitivity for soft tissue injury, PMMRI is especially useful for detecting pathological changes in cases of death due to cervical discoligamentous injury. In this paper, findings on postmortem imaging for this injury are described in detail and correlated with findings on autopsy.
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Pericardial fluid (PCF) is a well-preserved cadaveric material in cases without structural damage. The present study investigated fundamental serum components of PCF, including total proteins (TP), albumin (Alb), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), glucose (Glu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in PCF with regard to the postmortem and survival periods, and cause of death in serial medicolegal autopsy cases (n=288) with intact pericardial and cardiac structures within 48h postmortem. ⋯ For all cases, there were moderate postmortem decreases of Na and Cl, and increases of K and Mg, which were insufficient for application to estimate the time since death; however, characteristic findings with regard to the cause of death were detected in cases of hours-long survival, especially in 'functional causes of death': higher Alb, UN, Cr, UA, K and Mg, and lower Na, Cl and Ca in intoxication; lower TP, Alb, Cr, K and Mg, and higher Na and Cl in hypothermia (cold exposure); higher Alb, UN, Cr, UA and Mg, and lower Glu and Ca in hyperthermia (heatstroke). These observations suggest the usefulness of pericardial biomarkers for investigating the cause and process of death to reinforce pathological and toxicological findings.
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In vitro experiment using the modified Franz-type diffusion cell has demonstrated that the human skin is permeable to aconitine and mesaconitine. To characterise the risk of systemic toxicity following the topical applications of aconite tincture and raw aconite roots, relevant reports of percutaneous absorption of Aconitum alkaloids and aconite poisoning are reviewed. ⋯ The risk of systemic toxicity is even higher if Aconitum alkaloids are held in occlusive contact with the skin and the epidermis (stratum corneum) is already damaged. The public should be warned of the danger in using these topical aconite preparations and the risk of systemic toxicity following percutaneous absorption of Aconitum alkaloids.
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Various heart diseases present with sudden death; however, it is difficult to interpret the severity of or difference in respective preexisting and terminal cardiac dysfunction based on conventional morphology. The present study investigated the cardiac pathophysiology employing quantitative mRNA measurement of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in the myocardium as markers of cardiac strain, using autopsy materials consisting of acute ischemic heart disease (AIHD, n=40) with/without the pathology of apparent myocardial necrosis (n=19/21), recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI, n=19), chronic congestive heart disease (CHD, n=11) and right ventricular cardiomyopathy (RVC, n=5), as well as hemopericardium (HP, n=11) due to myocardial infarction (n=5) and aortic rupture (n=6), and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE, n=5). Cardiac death groups showed higher ANP and/or BNP mRNA expressions in the left ventricle than acute fatal bleeding (sharp instrumental injury; n=15) and/or mechanical asphyxiation (strangulation; n=10). ⋯ HP cases had lower BNP mRNA expression in the right ventricular wall, but PTE showed lower ANP and BNP mRNA expressions in the left ventricular wall; however, these mRNA expressions at other sites were similar to those of AIHD. CHD presented findings similar to those of AIHD, but the pericardial BNP level was significantly increased. These observations indicate characteristic molecular biological responses of myocardial natriuretic peptides in individual heart diseases and suggest the possible application of molecular pathology to demonstrate cardiac dysfunction even after death.