Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
-
J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jun 2019
ReviewThe role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis and macrophage in the progression and treatment of cancer.
During the past decades, PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade has become a remarkable promising therapy which has exerted durable anti-tumor effect and long-term remissions on part of cancers. However, there are still some patients which do not show good response to the PD-1/PD-L1 targeted monotherapy. Till now, the widely accepted anti-tumor mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is rejuvenating T cells, there is lack of studies which focus on other components of the tumor environment in the treatment of cancer with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, especially the complicated relationship between macrophages and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway during the progression and treatment of cancer. ⋯ The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and macrophage-targeted therapy will exert synergetic anti-tumor effect and shape the future of cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
-
J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jun 2019
Case ReportsImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and myocarditis: a systematic review of reported cases.
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancers has revolutionized cancer therapy. In general, these novel agents are more tolerable and have better safety profiles than conventional chemotherapy agents. Although a low incidence of myocarditis was noted as a side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, it is being increasingly cited in the literature as their use also increases. ⋯ Most cases and fatalities of myocarditis occurred shortly after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Arrhythmias, particularly complete heart block, appear to be related to the occurrence of more severe and fatal cases. The use of serial electrocardiograms or biomarkers of myocardial injury may be crucial in detecting early stages of the disease process. Further research establishing more specific guidelines is necessary in dealing with this potentially fatal side effect.
-
Human microbiota comprises of a variety of organisms ranging from bacterial species to viruses, fungi, and protozoa which are present on the epidermal and mucosal barriers of the body. It plays a key role in health and survival of the host by regulation of the systemic functions. Its apparent functions in modulation of the host immune system, inducing carcinogenesis and regulation of the response to the cancer therapy through a variety of mechanisms such as bacterial dysbiosis, production of genotoxins, pathobionts, and disruption of the host metabolism are increasingly becoming evident. ⋯ In this review, the role of microbiota is explained in carcinogenesis, mechanisms of microbiota-mediated carcinogenesis, and role of gut microbiota in modulation of cancer therapy.
-
J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Oct 2018
ReviewSafety and tolerability of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Significant improvement in survival outcome with the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has been shown in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with chemotherapy. However, the full spectrum of toxic events of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was not well characterized. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to state the safety profile of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC, and identify the exact incidence and relative risk (RR) of both summary and detailed AEs. ⋯ PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are generally safer and better tolerated than chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC with regard to summary toxic events, detailed toxic symptoms and hematologic toxicities. However, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can generate a unique spectrum of irAEs, and several of them can be severe and even life-threatening. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of these AEs, as they may have a potentially negative impact on the patients' quality of life and survival outcome.
-
J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Mar 2017
Review Meta AnalysisDetection of vertebral metastases: a meta-analysis comparing MRI, CT, PET, BS and BS with SPECT.
To perform a meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), bone scintigraphy (BS) and BS with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detecting vertebral metastases. ⋯ For diagnosis of vertebral metastases, MRI was found to be the best modality and also better than other techniques on both per-patient and per-lesion basis.