Neurological research
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Neurological research · May 2018
Dynamics of Evans blue clearance from cerebrospinal fluid into meningeal lymphatic vessels and deep cervical lymph nodes.
Objectives Recently, it has been confirmed, that excess fluid and waste products from the brain are drained into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and afterwards cleared via the olfactory route and/or lymphatic vessels in the brain dura and corresponding extracranial lymphatic structures. Therefore, the aim of present study was to monitor time-dependent uptake of Evans blue (EB) tracer from subarachnoid space into the meningeal lymphatic vessels and extracranial lymph nodes in rats during 3 hours-12 days. Methods EB was injected into the cisterna magna of anesthetized rats and after required survival, plasma, brain dura matter and corresponding lymph nodes (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) were dissected and processed for lymphatic vessels analyses using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. ⋯ Similar pattern was detected in brain dura. On the contrary, the brain tissue and plasma were almost negative for EB tracer during all tested time periods. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the dynamic changes of EB in meningeal lymphatic vessels and in deep cervical lymph nodes, thus recapitulating the downstream outflow of intracisternally injected tracer during 3 hours-12 days via dura mater lymphatic vessels towards corresponding extracranial draining system, particularly the deep cervical lymph nodes.
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Neurological research · Apr 2018
U0126 protects hippocampal CA1 neurons against forebrain ischemia-induced apoptosis via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and NMDA receptors.
Cerebral ischemia can trigger the ERK1/2 signaling cascade that enables the brain to adapt to ischemic injury. However, the mechanism of ERK1/2 in ischemic brain injury remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and NMDA receptors in the apoptosis of CA1 pyramidal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). ⋯ These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which the ERK1/2 signaling pathway affects the post-I/R apoptosis of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which will provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke.
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Neurological research · Apr 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialMagnesium sulfate in combination with nimodipine for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized controlled clinical study.
Objective Cerebral vasospasm(CVS) after Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause delayed cerebral ischemia,secondary cerebral infarction, and rehemorrhage, which are the leading causes of mutilation and death. Nimodipine has been shown to prevent CVS. Magnesium ion (Mg2+) can competitively inhibit the influx of calcium (Ca2+) and prevent vasospasm. ⋯ Results CVS occurred in 4, 12 patients, lasting for 11.09 ± 5.38, 13.73 ± 6.24 hours, mean velocity (Vm) of 143.2 ± 12.7, 149.6 ± 18.9 cm/s in group A, B; Delayed cerebral ischemia occurred in 3, 10 patients, lasting for 13.16 ± 4.82, 15.57 ± 5.35 hours in group A, B; Secondary cerebral infarction occurred in 2 and 8 patients in groups A and B; Neurologic deficits occurred in3 and 11 patients in groups A and B, All P < 0.05; Rehemorrhage occurred in 4 and 5 patients; Death occurred in 5 and 8 patients in groups A and B, respectively, P >0.05. No obvious adverse events were found in both groups. Conclusion Intravenous magnesium sulfate in combination with oral nimodipine for the treatment of SAH can help reduce the incidences of CVS, delayed cerebral ischemia, secondary cerebral infarction, and neurologic deficits with good safety, but it does not reduce the incidences of rehemorrhage and death.
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Neurological research · Dec 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEffects of different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on the risk of falls and lower limb function after stroke.
Stroke is associated with high rates of falling and severe impairment of lower limb in patients who survive. ⋯ This is the first trial with different setups of tDCS on acute stroke patients. tDCS presents as an effective treatment strategy in reducing the risk of falls and improving lower limb function after a stroke. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 02422173).
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Neurological research · Dec 2017
Observational StudyThe diagnostic accuracy of somatosensory evoked potentials in evaluating neurological deficits during 1036 posterior spinal fusions.
The goal of this study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in predicting perioperative neurological deficits during posterior spinal fusions (PSF). ⋯ Patients with perioperative neurological deficits are 13 times more likely to have LE significant changes, and 19 times more likely to have a LE loss of SSEP responses. Our study results indicate that LE significant changes or LE loss of waveforms in SSEPs can serve as a marker of perioperative neurological deficits.