Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Jun 1991
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialLong-term prophylaxis with norfloxacin versus nitrofurantoin in women with recurrent urinary tract infection.
A total of 102 women with recurrent urinary tract infections were included in this open randomized study; 55 received 200 mg of norfloxacin daily and 47 received 50 mg of nitrofurantoin daily over 6 months. Fifty-three and 41 women from the norfloxacin- and nitrofurantoin-treated groups, respectively, completed the 6-month follow-up period. ⋯ Side effects occurred with similar frequencies in both groups (15 and 17%) but were more severe in the women who received nitrofurantoin. Despite the better results obtained with norfloxacin, the difference in the costs of the two agents must be considered.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · May 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOral ciprofloxacin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of urethritis from resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Zambia.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains resistant to treatment with penicillin, tetracycline, and/or spectinomycin are increasing in prevalence in many parts of the world. In Zambia, 52% of N. gonorrhoeae isolates produced beta-lactamase in 1986. Few oral regimens have proven effective for treatment of resistant N. gonorrhoeae. ⋯ Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral exudate was found by direct fluorescent-antibody microscopic examination or by culture in 10 (5%) participants. All N. gonorrhoeae isolates were inhibited by ceftriaxone at 0.06 micrograms/ml, except one which was inhibited at 0.125 micrograms/ml, while ciprofloxacin inhibited all isolates at 0.03 micrograms/ml. Ciprofloxacin is a safe and effective therapy for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, including that caused by PPNG and CMRNG in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Feb 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDouble-blind study of endotracheal tobramycin in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. The Endotracheal Tobramycin Study Group.
A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of endotracheal tobramycin (ETT) for treatment of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Patients were randomized to either 40 mg of tobramycin or a placebo instilled endotracheally every 8 h. Patients also received intravenous tobramycin plus either cefazolin or piperacillin. ⋯ However, no significant differences were noted in the clinical outcomes of the two study groups. No local adverse reactions attributable to the administration of this agent were observed, but four patients had supraventricular tachycardia, compared with none who received the placebo (P = 0.053). ETT may be considered as adjunctive therapy for seriously ill individuals.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Jun 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialRandomized clinical trial of rifampin-trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the treatment of localized urinary tract infections.
To investigate whether 10 days of rifampin-trimethoprim (RIF-TMP) or 6 weeks of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) would decrease the relapse rate in patients with acute uncomplicated upper urinary tract infections in comparison with 10 days of SMX-TMP, we randomized 189 patients to receive RIF-TMP or SMX-TMP in a ratio of 1:2. After the site of infection was established by the antibody-coated bacterium (ACB) test, patients with upper-tract infections who received SMX-TMP were again randomized and received either a total of 6 weeks or 10 days of therapy. All patients who received RIF-TMP were treated for 10 days. ⋯ This 6% relapse rate was not different from the 4% relapse rate observed in patients with upper-tract infections who received 10 days of SMX-TMP. The number of patients who discontinued treatment because of an adverse effect in the 6-week SMX-TMP treatment group was significantly greater than those in the 10-day SMX-TMP treatment group (P=0.003) and the RIF-TMP treatment group (P=0.05). Ten days of SMX-TMP was as effective as 6 weeks of SMP-TMP or 10 days of RIF-TMP in the treatment of uncomplicated upper urinary tract infections and caused the fewest untoward effects.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Feb 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSingle-dose ceftriaxone versus multiple-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections.
Fifty-four college women with symptoms of lower urinary tract infections were randomly treated, 25 with 500 mg of ceftriaxone in a single intramuscular dose and 29 with 160 mg of trimethoprim-800 mg of sulfamethoxazole orally twice daily for 7 days. At 1 week after treatment, 23 patients (92%) in the ceftriaxone group and 28 patients (96%) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group were cured. ⋯ One patient (4%) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group had medication discontinued because of headaches. Leukopenia was found in one patient (4%) in the ceftriaxone group and four patients (14%) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group.