Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology
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Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialTransdermal nicotine increases heart rate after endotracheal intubation.
Transdermal nicotine reduces perioperative withdrawal symptoms when smoking is forbidden. We evaluated the influence of a transdermal nicotine system on cardiovascular response after endotracheal intubation. The study design was prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo- controlled. ⋯ Heart rate and noninvasive arterial pressures were recorded 1 min and 5 min after intubation. The transdermal nicotine system significantly increased heart rate compared with the control group without nicotine substitution. Since the transdermal nicotine system increases heart rate it should not be used if tachycardia is potentially dangerous, such as in patients with ischemic heart disease.
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Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · May 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialRamosetron for the management of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal events in patients with hematological malignancies.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramosetron hydrochloride for the management of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in patients with hematological malignancies. A total of 30 patients with hematological malignancies were included in the ramosetron group. Ramosetron (0.3 mg i.v.) was administered 0.5 h before chemotherapy. ⋯ As compared to the tropisetron group, the response rate of the ramosetron group in controlling anorexia within 18-24 h after chemotherapy was higher (p < 0.05); within 18-24 h after chemotherapy, the complete response rate and effective rate in controlling nausea was higher (p < 0.05); within 12-18 h and 18-24 h after chemotherapy, the complete response rate and effective rate in controlling vomiting was higher (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects was similar in both groups. We conclude that ramosetron belongs to a new generation of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and that it is a safe, economic and effective antiemetic drug.
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Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · Apr 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine in electrically induced A delta-fiber pain.
Both ketamine and pethidine have previously been found to have analgesic effects in experimentally induced C-fiber pain. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ketamine and pethidine in A delta-fiber-mediated pain induced by electrical tooth stimulation. ⋯ Ketamine and pethidine have only a marginal effect on pain thresholds in electrically induced A delta-fiber-mediated tooth pulp pain, in contrast to the analgesic effects previously found in experimental and postoperative C-fiber-mediated pain. The ketamine enantiomers at the doses used in this study showed equal analgesic properties but different side effect profiles.
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Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · Nov 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDouble-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion.
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) is a an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of structural membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine. Citicoline has been extensively used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders associated with head trauma, stroke, brain aging, cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease. In this study we have investigated the efficacy and safety of the treatment with citicoline versus placebo in patients with Alzheimer disease. ⋯ In addition, neither adverse side effects nor alterations in biological and hematological parameters were induced by citicoline. The present data indicate that citicoline (1,000 mg/day) is well tolerated and improves cognitive performance, cerebral blood perfusion and the brain bioelectrical activity pattern in AD patients. According to our results, it seems that citicoline might be a useful treatment in Alzheimer's disease, and that the efficacy of this compound is greater in patients with mild mental deterioration and/or bearing the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE.
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Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · Sep 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialComparison of 1% and 2% lidocaine hydrochloride used as single local anesthetic: effect on postoperative pain course after oral soft tissue surgery.
It is known that some local anesthetics may cause pain when the initial local anesthetic effect disappears. The aim of this trial was to compare the postoperative pain intensities after infiltration of plain lidocaine 1% and 2% used in gingivectomies. The trial was done as a controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study involving 117 patients with mean age 48 years (range 29-71 years) allocated to two treatment groups. ⋯ There were more patients experiencing no pain, but more patients reporting higher pain scores in the lidocaine 2% group than in the lidocaine 1% group. These differences were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that there is apparently no difference between lidocaine 1% and 2% with respect to postoperative pain experience when using gingivectomy as a pain model.