International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
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Ganglioneuroblastomas represent a histological subgroup of the rare neuroblastic tumours with intermediate malignant potential arising from neural crest progenitor cells of sympathetic nerves. Diagnosis can often be difficult based on imaging alone. We describe 4 cases of children presenting with a solitary neck mass with histology ultimately revealing ganglioneuroblastoma. ⋯ Otolaryngologists should be aware of ganglioneuroblastoma when establishing the differential diagnosis of a child presenting with a neck mass. Biopsy is recommended as the gold standard investigation to avoid an incorrect diagnosis.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Jul 2015
Case ReportsIntranasal midazolam for anxiolysis in closed reduction of nasal fractures in children.
Nasal fractures can result in obstruction of the nasal airflow and cosmetic deformities, and are treated either with observation, closed reduction, or a delayed rhinoplasty. In the pediatric patient, closed reduction is challenging due to anxiety and poor patient cooperation. Here, we describe the unique topical use of intranasal midazolam for anxiolysis in two pediatric patients at the time of closed reduction of nasal fractures, which has not been previously described. ⋯ Intranasal midazolam can provide effective anxiolysis for pediatric patients during closed reduction of nasal fractures.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Jun 2015
Case ReportsPediatric foreign body aspiration: A nidus for Aspergillus colonization.
We describe an immunocompetent child with bronchial fungus following foreign body aspiration. A two-year-old male presented with cough. Workup revealed air trapping and bronchoscopy showed aspirated foreign material in the right mainstem bronchus. ⋯ Foreign body aspiration has been posited as a nidus for aspergilloma formation but is not yet described in the available English-language pediatric literature. Here, the foreign body provided a site for fungal growth in the bronchus of an otherwise healthy child. This case suggests that bronchial foreign body may pose risk of fungal colonization even in immunocompetent children.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Jun 2015
ReviewAutism spectrum disorder 101: A primer for pediatric otolaryngologists.
Based on a comprehensive review of the literature as well as personal experiences at a tertiary children's hospital, we present an encompassing guide of the management of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the otolaryngology practice. ASD is a disorder involving persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, which presents early in age and causes significant impairment in function. ⋯ Special considerations in the outpatient visit and peri-operative setting in the management of ASD patients can enhance the patient-provider relationship and improve the quality of care delivered. We discuss several strategies, such as utilization of communication devices and use of pre-medication prior to surgery, to facilitate the clinical experience.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · May 2015
Outcomes after adenotonsillectomy using a fixed anesthesia protocol in children with obstructive sleep apnea.
To document the effects of a fixed anesthesia protocol on peri-operative events in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ⋯ Emergence from anesthesia after adenotonsillectomy may be positively influenced by an anesthetic technique titrated according to the severity of OSA. Adverse respiratory events due to the severity of sleep apnea and attendant hypoxemia may be minimized and outcomes improved with similarly tailored protocols.