Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
Clinical TrialShape Up Somerville two-year results: a community-based environmental change intervention sustains weight reduction in children.
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that community-based environmental change intervention prevents undesirable weight gain in children. ⋯ Results demonstrate promise for preventing childhood obesity using a sustainable multi-level community-based model and reinforce the need for wide-reaching environmental and policy interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
ReviewPopulation-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews.
To analyse available review-level evidence on the effectiveness of population-level interventions in non-clinical settings to reduce alcohol consumption or related health or social harm. ⋯ There is a pattern of support from the evidence base for regulatory or statutory enforcement interventions over local non-regulatory approaches targeting specific population groups.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomised controlled trial of financial incentives to increase hepatitis B vaccination completion among people who inject drugs in Australia.
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of modest financial incentives in increasing completion of an accelerated 3-dose hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedule (0, 7, 21days) among people who inject drugs (PWID). ⋯ Modest financial incentives, per-dose, increased adherence to the accelerated HBV vaccination schedule among PWID. Results have implications for increasing HBV and, potentially, other vaccine-preventable infections, among PWID.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of a lifestyle intervention on leisure-time sedentary behaviors in adults at risk: the Hoorn Prevention Study, a randomized controlled trial.
This study set out to assess the short- and long-term effects of a primary care-based lifestyle intervention on different domains of leisure-time sedentary behaviors in Dutch adults at risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. ⋯ A primary care-based general lifestyle intervention was not more effective in reducing leisure-time sedentary behaviors than providing brochures in adults at risk for chronic diseases.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
Sodium intake of special populations in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study.
The sodium intake of participants of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study who were in three of the special population groups identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (those with hypertension, African Americans, and those ≥51years) was analyzed to determine if they met sodium recommendations. ⋯ Excessive sodium intake characterized the diet of an urban, socioeconomically diverse population who are hypertensive or at risk for having hypertension. These findings have implications for health professionals and the food industry.