Preventive medicine
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Study of prevalence of gout with concomitant diseases. ⋯ Gout is a warning sign for concomitant diseases, e.g. alcoholism, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. KEY MESSAGES.
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Youth smoking is complex with multilevel influences. While much is known about certain levels of influence on youth smoking, the lack of focus on institutional influences is notable. This study evaluated the effects of ambient smoking attitudes and behaviors in schools on individual youth smoking. ⋯ These findings suggest the importance of ambient smoking attitudes and behaviors on youth smoking. Prevention efforts affecting ambient smoking attitudes may be beneficial.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Comparative StudySupermarkets and unhealthy food marketing: An international comparison of the content of supermarket catalogues/circulars.
Supermarket marketing activities have a major influence on consumer food purchases. This study aimed to assess and compare the contents of supermarket marketing circulars from a range of countries worldwide from an obesity prevention perspective. ⋯ Supermarket circulars in most of the countries examined include a high percentage of discretionary foods, and therefore promote unhealthy eating behaviours that contribute to the global obesity epidemic. A clear opportunity exists for supermarket circulars to promote rather than undermine healthy eating behaviours of populations. Governments need to ensure that supermarket marketing is included as part of broader efforts to restrict unhealthy food marketing.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Quantifying the physical activity energy expenditure of commuters using a combination of global positioning system and combined heart rate and movement sensors.
Active commuting may help to increase adults' physical activity levels. However, estimates of its energy cost are derived from a small number of studies which are laboratory-based or use self-reported measures. ⋯ We have demonstrated how GPS and activity data from a free-living sample can be used simultaneously to provide objective estimates of commuting energy expenditure. On average, incorporating walking or cycling into longer journeys provided over half the weekly recommended activity levels from the commute alone. This may be an efficient way of achieving physical activity guidelines and improving population health.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Participation in muscle-strengthening activities as an alternative method for the prevention of multimorbidity.
Participating in muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) has been shown to reduce the risks associated with many individual chronic diseases; however, the impact of MSA on multimorbidity remains unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between MSA and multimorbidity. ⋯ Independent of accelerometry-assessed physical activity, the participation in MSA may reduce the odds of being multimorbid, with evidence of a dose-response relationship.