Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2015
Suicidality, internalizing problems and externalizing problems among adolescent bullies, victims and bully-victims.
The aim of this study is to compare suicidality, internalizing problems and externalizing problems among adolescent victims, bullies and bully-victims. ⋯ Early intervention for adolescents frequently involved in bullying may reduce the onset of substance use and other mental disorders. It would be advisable for bullying interventions to include a focus on substance use and mental health problems. A reduction in these chronic and detrimental problems among adolescents could potentially lead to a concomitant reduction in bullying involvement.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2015
Physical activity, screen time and self-rated health and mental health in Canadian adolescents.
Physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are associated with self-rated health (SRH) in adults; however, SRH has been less studied among youth, and information about self-rated mental health (SRMH) is lacking. This study examined the associations of PA and ST with SRH and SRMH among adolescents. ⋯ PA and ST are independently associated with health perceptions among Canadian adolescents. Interventions should consider health perceptions in addition to biomedical outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2015
ReviewAcceptability of financial incentives for encouraging uptake of healthy behaviours: A critical review using systematic methods.
Financial incentives are effective in encouraging healthy behaviours, yet concerns about acceptability remain. We conducted a systematic review exploring acceptability of financial incentives for encouraging healthy behaviours. ⋯ Financial incentives tend to be acceptable to the public when they are effective and cost-effective. Programmes that benefit recipients and wider society; are considered fair; and are delivered to individuals deemed appropriate are likely to be considered more acceptable.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2015
Prospective association of vitamin D with frailty status and all-cause mortality in older adults: Results from the KORA-Age Study.
To assess the prospective association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with frailty status and all-cause mortality in a cohort of community-dwelling participants of the population-based KORA [Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg]-Age Study. ⋯ Very low 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with incident pre-frailty, pre-frailty/frailty combined and all-cause mortality.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2015
Is change in availability of sports facilities associated with change in physical activity? A prospective cohort study.
We examined whether change in distance to or number of sports facilities is related to change in metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours/week. ⋯ An increase in distance to and decrease in number of sports facilities were associated with a decrease in physical activity suggesting that changes in availability of facilities may affect physical activity levels.