Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use.
In the United States, many states have established minimum legal purchase ages for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to ban adolescent purchases, but these policies may also affect other related substance use. We explore whether ENDS are substitutes or complements for cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and marijuana among adolescents by using variation in state-level implementation of ENDS age purchasing restrictions. ⋯ We document a concerning trend of cigarette smoking among adolescents increasing when ENDS become more difficult to purchase.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Eating behaviors among low-income obese adults in the United States: Does health care provider's advice carry any weight.
The U. S. Preventive Task Force recommends that all patients be screened for obesity and given appropriate weight loss advice, if needed, as nutrition counseling by primary care physicians is a key objective for Healthy People 2020. ⋯ There were no significant interactions between HCP's advice and attempts to lose weight. Obese adult's attempt to lose weight, and not HCP's advice to lose weight, was a predictor for healthy eating behaviors. Interventions in medical practices should train HCPs on effective strategies for motivating obese patients to adopt healthier lifestyles.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Developmental trajectories of physical activity during elementary school physical education.
Physical education (PE) during school provides an opportunity for children to be physically active. Few empirical studies have investigated developmental trajectories and determinants of objective moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during PE classes. The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trajectories and determinants of MVPA during PE lessons in young children (8-12years of age) in primary schools. ⋯ The percentage of PE time spent in MVPA did not reach recommendations made by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and decreased from 8 to 12years old both for boys and girls. Perceived competence appears crucial to reduce MVPA decline for boys, but not for girls.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Evaluating the impact of a community-based cancer awareness roadshow on awareness, attitudes and behaviors.
Improving public awareness of cancer and encouraging health behavior change are important aspects of cancer control. We investigated whether a community-based roadshow was an effective way of communicating with the public about cancer and encouraging behavior change. Data were from 1196 people who completed questionnaires at a Cancer Research UK Cancer Awareness Roadshow in 2013. ⋯ User of weight loss services and general practitioner visits were high at follow-up and largely attributed to the Roadshow. The Cancer Research UK Roadshow appears to improve risk factor awareness, promote positive attitudes towards help-seeking and increase smoking cessation. This approach could be a useful building block for additional cancer prevention and control strategies.