Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialThe mediating role of perceived crime in gender and built environment associations with park use and park-based physical activity among park users in high poverty neighborhoods.
Women use parks less for physical activity than men, and explanations include gendered concerns regarding personal safety and access to walking paths. This study conducted mediation analyses to examine the effects of gender and presence of park walking path on park use, participation in park programs, and park-based physical activity through the hypothesized mediator (perception of crime). The sample included 3213 park users from 48 parks in high poverty neighborhoods in Los Angeles surveyed between 2013 and 2015; park-level factors were assessed through systematic observations of study parks. ⋯ The associations between gender, walking path, and park-based exercise and program participation were not meaningfully mediated by perceived crime. Among park users in majority Latino, high poverty neighborhoods, addressing crime concerns are likely necessary to increase park use among women and adults whose parks do not have a walking path. For park-based exercise and participation in park programs, gendered preferences regarding park-based physical activity should be explored.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2019
Observational StudyThe educational gap in tar and nicotine content in purchases of cigarettes: An observational study using large-scale representative survey data from Japan.
The intensity of tobacco use is commonly measured by the number of cigarettes, which is inaccurate because it masks the heterogeneity and substances contained in tobacco. Unlike existing studies, this study adopted the tar and nicotine content of purchased cigarettes as proxies for smoking intensity and elicited socioeconomic disparities from the participants regarding tobacco use. ⋯ Low education groups purchased more tar-rich cigarettes, which cost less than low-tar cigarettes. The public health recommendations for reducing socioeconomic health inequalities might be understated because they are drawn from evidence based on the number of cigarettes smoked.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2019
ReviewFamily and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions.
Low and middle-income countries are experiencing the dual burden of malnutrition which is, at least in part, attributable to changes in eating behaviours of children under age five. Development of food choices is influenced by multiple factors and understanding the interplay of these factors in early childhood in these countries is necessary to promote healthy food choices. We conducted a systematic review to examine the evidence of family and community factors targeted in interventions to influence the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries. ⋯ Children's micronutrient intake was positively associated with household food availability, nutritional knowledge of family or caregivers and food availability within the surrounding environment. Findings highlight the importance of targeting nutritional knowledge of family or caregivers to facilitate healthy eating behaviours in children. In addition, creating a supportive family environment via increasing household food availability and family income should be considered when designing interventions to promote healthy eating behaviours in preschool-aged children living in low and middle-income countries.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2019
EditorialThe Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network: Accelerating the implementation of evidence-based cancer prevention and control interventions.
This editorial provides a high level overview of the articles included in this supplement.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2019
Putting Evidence Academies into action: Prostate cancer, nutrition, and tobacco control science.
A well-documented challenge in moving public health research into practice is the extended time it takes to implement findings in clinical practice and communities. The Evidence Academy model (Rohweder et al., 2016), developed and first used in North Carolina, is a pragmatic, action-oriented model that aims to shorten this timeline by communicating cutting-edge findings directly to those who can use them and convening individuals working in a single topic area to network and plan activities for the future. The University of Pennsylvania Collaborating Center of the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) held three conferences based on the Evidence Academy model: one about prostate cancer in 2015, a second on food access and obesity prevention in 2017, and a third about tobacco control science in 2018. ⋯ Evaluations and outcomes indicated that the events were successful in achieving their goals and fostered ongoing relationships among attendees. This paper illustrates how the Evidence Academy model was used in a different region and describes lessons learned and follow-up activities that were initiated via the Evidence Academy and with input from participants. Lessons learned may be helpful in developing and evaluating future adaptations of the Evidence Academy model and/or the effectiveness of its components.