Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
A systematic review of interventions to improve breast cancer screening health behaviours.
Whilst breast cancer screening has been implemented in many countries, uptake is often suboptimal. Consequently, several interventions targeting non-attendance behaviour have been developed. This systematic review aims to appraise the successes of interventions, identifying and comparing the specific techniques they use to modify health behaviours. ⋯ Commonly used approaches which focus upon explaining the consequences of not attending mammograms were often ineffective. Problem solving, however, has shown promise. These techniques should be investigated further, as should emerging technologies which can enable interventions to be feasibly translated at a population-level.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Factors associated with participation in the organized cervical cancer screening program in the greater Paris area (France): An analysis among more than 200,000 women.
We aimed to identify the contextual factors associated with participation in the organized Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS) pilot program, which includes specific interventions to reach vulnerable women, in the Greater Paris region. Study population consisted of 231,712 women aged 25-65 years, who were not up to date to their smear test and had been invited to take part in the program from July 2014 to September 2017. Using a multilevel mixed logistic regression with random effects, we investigated the effect of grassroots interventions targeting vulnerable women, healthcare provider accessibility, social environment and municipal policy-related factors. ⋯ In both populations, there were no significant trends in participation with regards to the type of grassroots interventions, level of accessibility of healthcare services or municipal commitment to healthcare. Among women invited previously and aged above 35 increased participation was seen in neighborhoods with low proportion of single women or in less deprived neighborhoods. Our results identified groups of women who participated less in the organized CCS program and suggested that additional interventions targeting the barriers faced by vulnerable women, especially those aged 35-45 years old, are needed.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Impact of geographic access to primary care providers on pediatric behavioral health screening.
Behavioral Health (BH) screening is critical for early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric mental disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of geographic access to primary care providers (PCP) on pediatric BH screening in children with different race/ethnicity. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2013-2016 administrative claims data from a large pediatric Medicaid Managed Care Plan that have been linked to 2010 US Census data and the 2017 National Provider Identifier (NPI) Registry. ⋯ Multivariable analysis stratified by individual race/ethnicity revealed that Hispanic and Black children were more vulnerable to the geographic access barriers than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The increase in travel distance to the nearest PCP was negatively associated with screening uptake only among Hispanics (10-20 miles vs. 0-10 miles: OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.71-0.86]; 20-30 miles vs. 0-10 miles: OR = 0.35, 95% CI [0.23-0.54]). In a subgroup that had access to at least one PCP within 10 miles of travel distance, the variation in PCP density had a greater impact on the screening uptake among Hispanics and Blacks than that in non-Hispanic Whites.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Should physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labelling be introduced on food labels and menus to reduce excessive calorie consumption? Issues and opportunities.
PACE food labelling seeks to provide kilocalorie information with an interpretation of what the kilocalorie content of the food item or meal means for energy expenditure. For example, "the kilocalories in this pizza require 110 minutes of walking to expend". ⋯ However, several criticisms of this labelling system have been raised. This commentary explores both the issues and opportunities related to PACE food labelling, arguing that the benefits of implementation outweigh potential unintended consequences.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
A descriptive exploration of the geographic and sociodemographic concentration of firearm homicide in the United States, 2004-2018.
This study examined the population-based incidence of firearm homicide in the United States to identify geographic concentrations and to determine whether such concentrations have changed over time. It further examined the simultaneous associations of urbanization, poverty, and ethnicity/race with firearm homicide incidence. Using county-level data from the National Vital Statistics System and the U. ⋯ Census Bureau for the years 2004-2018, the findings show geographic patterns not commonly recognized, including several lengthy and continuous corridors with a high incidence of firearm homicide, traversing both metro and non-metro areas. While the data clearly show a strongly disproportionate concentration of firearm homicide incidence in a subset of the population defined by geography, they do not suggest increasing concentration over time. The study findings also generally indicate increasing firearm homicide incidence with increasing levels of surrounding poverty, a phenomenon observed for both metro and non-metro areas.