Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Cross-sectional findings from a clinical cohort.
Men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are internationally recognized as a priority population for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Our objective was to explore HPV vaccine uptake among men living with HIV in Ontario, Canada, and investigate differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated men. We used data from a cross-sectional questionnaire administered between 2016 and 2017 among men living with HIV and participating in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study. ⋯ This may be influenced by low HPV awareness, prohibitive cost, and lack of physician recommendation. Several men reporting lower socio-economic status, older men, and heterosexual, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men were missed for vaccination. Primary care and HIV clinics may be ideal locations to increase uptake.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
Maternal folic acid supplementation mediates the associations between maternal socioeconomic status and congenital heart diseases in offspring.
Low maternal socioeconomic status (SES) is considered as a risk factor of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in offspring. However, the pathways underpinning the SES-CHDs associations are unclear. We assessed if first trimester maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS) is a mediator of the SES-CHDs associations. ⋯ In addition, FAS mediated the highest proportion of the associations between income and multiple critical CHDs [46.9%, 95%CI:24.7%,77%] and conotruncal defects [31.5%, 95%CI:17.1%,52.0%], respectively. Maternal FAS partially mediated the SES-CHDs associations, especially among the most critical and common CHDs. Promoting FAS in low SES women of childbearing age may be a feasible intervention to help prevent CHDs.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
Vaccination against seasonal influenza and socio-economic and environmental factors as determinants of the geographic variation of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the Italian elderly.
A possible protective effect of seasonal influenza vaccination against the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has been suggested. ⋯ Extending influenza vaccination coverage particularly among the elderly, vulnerable individuals with specific chronic medical conditions, health care workers, and workers in other essential services, early in the upcoming 2020 influenza season, might help reduce the health impact of a second epidemic wave of COVID-19.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
Racial disparities in occupational risks and lung cancer incidence: Analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial.
The relationship between racial disparities in occupational risk and lung cancer diagnosis is not well defined. We examined occupational exposure to asbestos, silica, and other workplace chemicals, fumes, or dusts as reported in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were performed. ⋯ African-Americans had higher odds of lung cancer diagnosis than White individuals (aOR = 1.24 to 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.54). Our findings indicate that we need more effective public health prevention programs, especially for minorities who may have disproportionately greater occupational exposures due to socioeconomic constructs and barriers. Interventions may include education about occupational risks and lung cancer screening or instituting workplace policies for smoke-free environments with tobacco cessation support.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
Identifying patterns of movement behaviours in relation to depressive symptoms during adolescence: A latent profile analysis approach.
Movement behaviour guideline adherence has been associated with lower depressive symptoms during adolescence, yet no studies have used person-centered approaches to examine this relationship. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether unique adolescent movement behaviour profiles exist, evaluate predictors of profile membership, and determine whether profile membership was associated with differences in depressive symptoms cross sectionally and longitudinally. This study involved secondary analysis of the public-use data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the National Study of Adolescent Health. ⋯ After adjusting for covariates, findings revealed depressive symptoms were lowest among the high MVPA/low ST profile and this trend was evident one year later. Engaging in high levels of either MVPA or ST alone did not provide additive benefits for depressive symptoms compared to those who engaged in low levels of both MVPA and ST. These findings suggest intervention efforts should take an integrative approach to improve mental health outcomes among adolescents by considering each of the movement behaviours concurrently.