Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Expectant parents' vaccine decisions influenced by the 2018 Chinese vaccine crisis: A cross-sectional study.
Immunization programs have been challenged by vaccine crises. Between 2013 and 2018, China has experienced three major vaccine scandals and crises, which has partly impaired Chinese public trust in domestically produced vaccines. This study aims to explore the associations between parental trust toward CDC-released crisis communication information, parents' critical understanding of crisis information, parental confidence in vaccine efficacy, and parental vaccine decisions. ⋯ Additionally, parents with lower levels of confidence in vaccine efficacy were more likely to became vaccine hesitant but were also more likely to maintain their vaccine intentions after the crisis. It is crucial to guarantee the safety of vaccines, maintain parental confidence in vaccine efficacy, and eliminate the potential risks that result in parental vaccine hesitancy. Future crisis communication strategies are encouraged to ensure timely responses to sustain public confidence.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Early relaxation of community mitigation policies and risk of COVID-19 resurgence in the United States.
This study aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevalence in the United States in the week leading to the relaxation of the stay-at-home orders (SAH) on future prevalence across states that implemented different SAH policies. We used data on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases as of August 21, 2020 on county level. We classified states into four groups based on the 7-day change in prevalence and the state's approach to SAH policy. ⋯ After adjusting for other factors, compared to the High Change group, counties in the Low Change group had 33.8 (per 100,000 population) fewer cases (standard error (SE): 19.8, p < 0.001) 7 days after the relaxation of SAH order and the difference was larger by time passing. On August 21, 2020, the No SAH End group had 383.1 fewer cases (per 100,000 population) than the High Change group (SE: 143.6, p < 0.01). A measured, evidence-based approach is required to safely relax the community mitigation strategies and practice phased-reopening of the country.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Associations between mentally-passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviours during adolescence and psychological distress during adulthood.
It is unclear if different types of sedentary behaviour during the adolescence are differentially associated with psychological distress during adolescence and adulthood. It is also unknown what may mediate this potential proposed association. The current study aimed to analyse the association of mentally-active and mentally-passive sedentary behaviours during adolescence (16y) with subsequent psychological distress during adulthood (42y), and to examine the role of potential mediators (42y). ⋯ Adult TV-viewing during weekends (24.7%), and self-rated health (19.0%) mediated the association between mentally-passive sedentary behaviour during adolescence and psychological distress during adulthood. However, the mediation was not clear in the models with multiple imputation. Mentally-passive sedentary behaviour during adolescence was associated with elevated psychological distress during adulthood and this association was mediated TV-viewing and self-rated health in adulthood.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
A cross-sectional analysis of associations between lifestyle advice and behavior changes in patients with hypertension or diabetes: NHANES 2015-2018.
Clinicians supporting patients in lifestyle behavior change is an important strategy to help reduce chronic disease burden. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015 to 2018, this study assessed rates of and associations between patient-reported receipt of lifestyle behavior change advice and corresponding self-reported behavior change for four different lifestyle behaviors: 1) weight loss, 2) increase physical activity, 3) reduce sodium, and 4) reduce fat and calories. Adult survey respondents with hypertension and/or diabetes (n = 4716) who received lifestyle advice ranged from 43% to 58%, with the most common recommendation being to increase physical activity. ⋯ Compared to those who received no advice, respondents who received advice had significantly higher odds of reporting losing weight (aOR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.48); increasing physical activity (aOR 2.02; 95% CI: 1.73, 2.37); reducing dietary sodium (aOR 4.95; 95% CI: 3.93, 6.25); and reducing intake of fat/cal (aOR 3.57; 95% CI: 2.86, 4.45). This study utilized population level data to lend further evidence that provider advice about lifestyle behaviors for patients who have hypertension or diabetes may influence patient behavior. However, prevalence of advice is low, and differences in rates of behavior change exist across socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity, indicating a need to further research how providers might better support patients with varying social needs.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Effects of a minimum floor Price law on cigarette use in Oakland, California: A static microsimulation model.
Tobacco minimum floor price laws (MFPLs) are a non-tax price policy that set a price below which tobacco products cannot be sold, thereby raising prices. Despite their growing interest among policy makers, little is known about the effects of local MFPLs on smoking prevalence or smoking intensity. We aimed to project the impact of a local tobacco MFPL on cigarette smoking prevalence and cigarette smoking intensity in Oakland, California, including detailed analysis of several important subpopulations. ⋯ Total number of cigarettes smoked per month was projected to drop by 246,000 to 734,000 cigarettes, a 3.0% to 9.0% reduction from the current level (8.2 million cigarettes). The greatest reductions in cigarette smoking prevalence were among those aged 12 to 24-years-old, of non-Hispanic black or other race/ethnicity, and living below the federal poverty level. An MFPL in Oakland may substantially reduce cigarette use and target several important subpopulations.