Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2021
ReviewImproving medication adherence in hypertensive patients: A scoping review.
In recent years, interest in medication adherence has greatly increased. Adherence has been particularly well studied in the context of arterial hypertension treatment. Numerous interventions have addressed this issue, however, the effort to improve adherence has been often frustrating and frequently disorganized. ⋯ Each study's intervention was then categorized using a novel evidence-based system of categorization, derived from the conceptual clustering framework used in machine learning. This work is an important step in pushing for better informed and more efficient future research efforts, both by providing an overview of the research field and by creating a new, evidence-based intervention categorization tool. It also provides valuable information to clinicians about medication adherence to antihypertensive therapy.
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Preventive medicine · May 2021
ReviewCost evaluation of tobacco control interventions in clinical settings: A systematic review.
Elucidating the cost implications of tobacco control interventions is a prerequisite to their adoption in clinical settings. This review fills a knowledge gap in characterizing the extent to which cost is measured in tobacco control studies. A search of English literature was conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EconLit, PsychINFO, and CINAHL using MeSH terms from 2009 to 2018. ⋯ Stakeholder perspectives included: healthcare organization (n = 10), payer (n = 8), patient (n = 2), and societal (n = 1). Few studies have reported the cost of tobacco control interventions in clinical settings. Cost is a critical outcome that should be consistently measured in evaluations of tobacco control interventions to promote their uptake in clinical settings.
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Preventive medicine · May 2021
Association and potential mediators between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity.
The associations between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity are inconsistent, and potential underlying factors are unclear. In China, Hukou status is an important attribute of individual's socioeconomic circumstances, but previously received less consideration as a socioeconomic indicator. This study aimed to investigate the association between comprehensive socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity. ⋯ Indirect effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and infant birth weight were identified for the association. In conclusion, socioeconomic status may impact childhood obesity through maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and infant birth weight. Hukou should be considered in the evaluation of socioeconomic status in China.
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Preventive medicine · May 2021
A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge, attitudes and recommendations towards human papillomavirus vaccines among healthcare providers in China.
Since licensure of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in mainland China, little research has been conducted about healthcare providers' (HCPs) understanding and recommendation of HPV vaccine. A multi-stage convenience sample of Chinese HCPs (N = 5270) were surveyed, involving obstetrician-gynecologists, HCPs from Division of Expanded Program on Immunization (DEPI), Community Health Center (CHC) and other non-HPV closely related professions. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore factors associated with knowledge and recommendation behaviors. ⋯ Besides being key predictors of recommendation practice (2.74, 95% CI: 2.34-3.21), knowledge shared independent determinants with recommendation behavior on age and ethnicity and additionally associated with education and title by itself. Findings highlight overall and profession-specific gaps on HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and recommendation practice. Future education and training efforts should be profession-niche-targeting and focus much on HCPs with lower title or education background and from minorities.
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Preventive medicine · May 2021
Active school transportation and the built environment across Canadian cities: Findings from the child active transportation safety and the environment (CHASE) study.
Walking and bicycling to school (active school transportation, AST) has been in decline for decades in North America and globally with the rise of automobility. This cross-sectional study estimated associations between the built environment and AST in seven Canadian communities. We observed the travel behaviours of almost 118,000 students at 552 schools. ⋯ Overall, several modifiable road design features were associated with AST, including the presence of school crossing guards, cycling infrastructure, Walk Score® and traffic signal density. There was variability in the directionality and statistical significance of associations with design variables across cities, suggesting that the local context and directed local interventions are important to support AST. Natural experiment studies are necessary to examine local approaches related to the built environment to increase AST and ensure appropriate new policy and program interventions are developed.