Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Alcohol testing and alcohol involvement among violent deaths by state, 2014-2016.
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) testing rates vary across states, potentially biasing estimates of alcohol involvement in violent deaths. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects information on violent deaths, including decedents' BACs. This study assessed characteristics of violent deaths by BAC testing status, and the proportion of decedents with a positive BAC or BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL. ⋯ Among the violent deaths with a reported BAC, 41.1% had a positive BAC and 27.7% had a BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL. About 2 in 5 violent deaths were missing data on alcohol testing. Increased testing and reporting of alcohol among violent deaths could inform the development and use of evidence-based prevention strategies (e.g., increasing alcohol taxes, regulating alcohol outlet density) for reducing violent deaths.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Review Meta AnalysisPersonalized mobile technologies for lifestyle behavior change: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
Given that the one-size-fits-all approach to mobile health interventions have limited effects, a personalized approach might be necessary to promote healthy behaviors and prevent chronic conditions. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized mobile interventions on lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption), and identify the effective key features of such interventions. We included any experimental trials that tested a personalized mobile app or fitness tracker and reported any lifestyle behavior measures. ⋯ In summary, the field is in its infancy, with preliminary evidence of the potential efficacy of personalization in improving lifestyle behaviors. Source of data for personalization might be important in determining intervention effectiveness. To fully exploit the potential of personalization, future high-quality studies should investigate the integration of multiple data from different sources and include personalized features other than content.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
ReviewInterventions to promote physical and mental health of nurses in elderly care: A systematic review.
This systematic review focuses on the current evidence on interventions to promote physical and mental health in elderly care nurses. The literature was identified through the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL using a combination of synonyms of the terms "elderly care nurses", "physical activity", "stress management", "occupational stress", "musculoskeletal diseases" and "incapacity to work". The search was performed in January 2020 and repeated in November 2020. ⋯ This systematic review demonstrated the potential of health promotion programs in elderly care nurses. Nevertheless, high quality randomized controlled trials are needed. Further research should consider the bottom-up approach for planning programs as well as recommended and standardized outcome measures and interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
The association of fitness and fatness with intermediate hyperglycemia incidence in women: A cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, general adiposity, and central adiposity with incident intermediate hyperglycemia (IH) in women. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1534 women aged 20-79 years old who had an annual health check-up with no history of major chronic diseases. At baseline, fitness was assessed by a Balke graded exercise test, and the estimated metabolic equivalents were used to create quartile groups. ⋯ Overall, 18.1% (n = 277) of the women developed IH during an average follow-up of 5.06 years. Fitness, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio at baseline were the independent predictors of the IH incidence in separate age-adjusted models; yet when all three variables were included in the same model along with confounding variables, only fitness remained significant and demonstrated a clear inverse association with incident IH (P-for-trend <0.001). Health promotion efforts should focus on improving fitness for the prevention of IH in women.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Incongruency of youth food and physical activity environments in the United States: Variations by region, rurality, and income.
Local environments are increasingly the focus of health behavior research and practice to reduce gaps between fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity (PA), and related guidelines. This study examined the congruency between youth food and PA environments and differences by region, rurality, and income across the United States. Food and PA environment data were obtained for all U. ⋯ Approximately 8.7% of counties were considered congruent-high and were mostly located in the Northeast, metropolitan, and high-income areas. Congruent-low counties made up 10.0% of counties and were mostly in the South, rural, and low-income areas. National and regional disparities in environmental obesity determinants were identified that can inform targeted public health interventions.