Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Trends in use patterns among African American adults in Minnesota, 2015-2019.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects African Americans. Aspirin has long been recommended to reduce cardiovascular events. However, national guideline changes in 2016 limited the aspirin recommended population and several clinical trials questioning the utility of primary prevention aspirin were published in 2018. ⋯ However, fewer participants believed aspirin was helpful in 2019 compared to 2015-75% versus 84% (p < 0.001). Aspirin discussions with a health care practitioner were highly associated with aspirin use (adjusted RR 2.97, 95% CI 2.49-3.54) and aspirin use was 2.56 times higher (adjusted RR 95% CI 2.17-3.03) in respondents who agreed that people close to them thought they should take aspirin compared with those who disagreed or did not know. Despite major changes in national guidelines, overall primary prevention aspirin use did not significantly change in these African American samples from 2015 to 2019.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Self-reported sickness absence and presenteeism as predictors of future disability pension: Cohort study with 11-year register follow-up.
Many healthcare workers in eldercare are pushed out of the labor market before the official retirement age due to poor health. Identification of early warnings signs is important to avoid complete loss of work ability. The aim of this study was to investigate to what degree sickness absence and presenteeism increase future risk for disability pension among eldercare workers. ⋯ Eldercare workers aged >45 years were at a higher risk for disability pension in all included categories. Sickness absence and presenteeism increased the risk of disability pension among female eldercare workers. These results suggest that organizations would benefit from identifying early warning signs among workers in the prevention of involuntary early retirement.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Association of sugary drink consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.
Few epidemiologic studies have assessed the associations of sugary drink consumption with mortality outcomes among Asian populations. ⋯ In this large Japanese prospective study, sugary drink consumption was associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Incongruency of youth food and physical activity environments in the United States: Variations by region, rurality, and income.
Local environments are increasingly the focus of health behavior research and practice to reduce gaps between fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity (PA), and related guidelines. This study examined the congruency between youth food and PA environments and differences by region, rurality, and income across the United States. Food and PA environment data were obtained for all U. ⋯ Approximately 8.7% of counties were considered congruent-high and were mostly located in the Northeast, metropolitan, and high-income areas. Congruent-low counties made up 10.0% of counties and were mostly in the South, rural, and low-income areas. National and regional disparities in environmental obesity determinants were identified that can inform targeted public health interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2021
Variations in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) device types and association with cigarette quit attempts.
This study examined electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) devices classified as disposable, non-refillable cartridge, refillable cartridge, refillable tank, and refillable mod systems and examined if cigarette quit attempts varied by device type among daily and non-daily ENDS users. Data from Wave 3 (2015-16) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative study in the U. S. was used to explore ENDS device types among past 12 month adult cigarette and ENDS users (n = 4952). ⋯ The odds of attempting to quit smoking were higher among daily ENDS users who used non-refillable cartridge (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI: 1.5-34.9), refillable tank (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.5-19.3) or refillable mod systems (AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.2-30.1) compared to those who used disposables adjusting for age group, gender, race, ethnicity, and nicotine dependence. The likelihood of quit attempt among non-daily ENDS users did not differ by device type. Better understanding of ENDS device types and their use in smoking cessation is needed to inform health interventions.