Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2022
Intention to vaccinate children for COVID-19: A segmentation analysis among Medicaid parents in Florida.
COVID-19 vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization for children ages 5 years and older. To understand how racially and ethnically diverse parents of young children enrolled in Medicaid feel about a prospective COVID-19 vaccine for their children, we administered an online survey that included both close-ended and open-ended items to a statewide sample in Florida (n = 1951). We used quantitative responses to conduct a statistical audience segmentation analysis that identified five distinct sub-groups that varied widely in the likelihood that they would get a COVID-19 vaccine for their child. ⋯ The youngest Black and White mothers were more likely to report their lives being worse during the COVID-19 pandemic, were far more negative and less positive about a COVID-19 vaccine, and were more concerned about paying bills than preventing COVID-19. Younger Hispanic and mixed-race parents were less negative, but more likely to use emotional language (e.g., scared, nervous, worried) talking about a COVID-19 vaccine, and more likely to report that protecting their child's health was their top concern. Recommendations are made for applying the insights gained in outreach and education efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2022
Cannabis legalization and cannabis-involved pregnancy hospitalizations in Colorado.
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between presence of recreational cannabis dispensaries and prevalence of cannabis-involved pregnancy hospitalizations in Colorado. This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancy-related hospitalizations co-coded with cannabis diagnosis codes in the Colorado Hospital Association from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2018 (recreational cannabis began January 1, 2014). Our primary outcome was cannabis-involved pregnancy hospitalizations per 10 k live births per county. ⋯ When comparing counties with different densities of baseline medical cannabis market, low and high exposure counties had fewer hospitalizations than those counties with no exposure (low: IRR 0.97, CI: 0.96-0.99; high: 0.98, CI: 0.96-0.99). In Colorado, there was more than a two-fold increase in cannabis-involved pregnancy hospitalizations between 2011 and 2018. Counties with no baseline exposure to medical cannabis had a greater increase than other counties, suggesting the recreational market may influence cannabis use among pregnant individuals.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2022
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient of offspring aged 18 and 30 years: Evidence from two birth cohorts in southern Brazil.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes several harmful effects, including deficits in the intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure associated with academic achievements and higher socioeconomic position. We aimed to measure the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's IQ in two birth cohorts from Pelotas, Brazil. Data from the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts were analyzed. ⋯ Neither cohort showed association with paternal smoking (negative controls) after adjustment. Breastfeeding's mediated effects accounted for 26.2% and 23.9% of the association in the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively, while birth weight's accounted for 6.8% and 30.1%, respectively; indirect effects were not significant. The inverse association between maternal smoking and IQ and the lack of association with paternal smoking reinforces our findings of a negative association between exposure and outcome.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2022
Forgoing healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland - A cross-sectional population-based study.
Health systems around the world continue to navigate through operational challenges surfaced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; these have implications for access to healthcare. In this study, we estimate the prevalence and reasons for forgoing healthcare during the pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland; a country with a universal and mandatory private health insurance coverage. ⋯ Our paper highlights the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to healthcare and identifies population sub-groups at-risk for forgoing healthcare. These results necessitate public health efforts to ensure equitable and accessible healthcare as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2022
Would eligible gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men use PrEP? Awareness, knowledge, eligibility and intention to use PrEP among EMIS-2017 participants in Spain.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an efficacious strategy for reducing the incidence of HIV infection. It has been available in Spain since 2019. We aim to report on awareness, knowledge of, intention to use, and eligibility for PrEP and related factors among participants in the European Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men Internet Survey (EMIS-2017) in Spain. ⋯ Older age, being born in Latin America or Caribbean or WE, sex work, and living in a large city were associated with greater eligibility. A greater degree of outness was associated with reduced intention to use. Our study point to possible barriers in the implementation of PrEP in Spain and similar countries.