Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Prevalence of Americans reporting a family history of cancer indicative of increased cancer risk: Estimates from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey.
The collection and evaluation of family health history in a clinical setting presents an opportunity to discuss cancer risk, tailor cancer screening recommendations, and identify people with an increased risk of carrying a pathogenic variant who may benefit from referral to genetic counseling and testing. National recommendations for breast and colorectal cancer screening indicate that men and women who have a first-degree relative affected with these types of cancers may benefit from talking to a healthcare provider about starting screening at an earlier age and other options for cancer prevention. The prevalence of reporting a first-degree relative who had cancer was assessed among adult respondents of the 2015 National Health Interview Survey who had never had cancer themselves (n = 27,999). ⋯ A third of U. S. adults who have never had cancer report a family history of cancer in a first-degree relative. This finding underscores the importance of using family history to inform discussions about cancer risk and screening options between healthcare providers and their patients.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Risk of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and constitutional health symptoms: A cross-sectional study of Texas adolescent and young adult nicotine and marijuana vapers.
Observational studies investigating the health consequences of vaping among youth and young adults are limited. This study aimed to describe and examine the risk for health symptoms by vape user category (never users, marijuana only, nicotine only, and dual users). Health symptoms included adverse respiratory, gastrointestinal, and constitutional problems. ⋯ Dual vapers had significantly higher odds of experiencing constitutional symptoms as compared to never users (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.34). This study uniquely highlights the risk for gastrointestinal symptoms from vaping. Future research and clinical practice should monitor the occurrence of these symptoms and explore potential mechanisms, such as specific flavorings or chemicals, for the link between vaping and health symptoms.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Human papilloma virus vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage in managed care plans - United States, 2018.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination for adolescents aged 11-12 years and cervical cancer screening for women aged 21-65 years are recommended to help prevent cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe 2018 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) data for the United States on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening from 275 commercial preferred provider organizations (PPOs), 219 commercial health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and 204 Medicaid HMOs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and NCQA analyzed the data in 2021. ⋯ The mean rate for cervical cancer screening was 75.9% in commercial HMOs, 72.6% in commercial PPOs, and 60.3% among Medicaid HMOs. Medicaid HMOs reported higher HPV vaccination rates but lower cervical cancer screening rates than commercial plans. These differences raise questions about explanatory factors and how to improve prevention performance by plan category.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Women with obesity participate less in cervical cancer screening and are more likely to have unsatisfactory smears: Results from a nationwide Danish cohort study.
Some studies found an association between obesity and increased cervical cancer risk, but potential mechanisms are unknown. In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we investigated the association between overweight/obesity and cervical cancer screening participation and risk of unsatisfactory smears. The study population was identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry. ⋯ A lower proportion of obese women (79.3%) than women of normal weight (85.8%) were screened, and obese women had lower adjusted probability of being screened than women of normal weight (RARadjusted = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.93-0.95). A higher proportion of obese women (2.4%) than women of normal weight (1.7%) had an unsatisfactory smear, and this association remained after adjustments (RRadjusted = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.19-1.38). In conclusion, women with obesity were less likely to participate in cervical cancer screening and more likely to have an unsatisfactory smear than women of normal weight.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Association between self-rated health and venous thromboembolism in Malmö Preventive Program: A cohort study.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share some risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and dietary habits. Poor self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a predictor of arterial CVD and mortality for both men and women. The association between SRH and VTE has only been investigated in one previous Swedish study with a cohort that just contained women. This Swedish study did not show any significant associations between poor SRH and VTE in women. ⋯ In this cohort study, SRH was associated with VTE in women but not among men. The association was significant even when adjusting for well-known risk factors such as varicose veins, BMI and smoking.