Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Adverse childhood experiences, diabetes and associated conditions, preventive care practices and healthcare access: A population-based study.
Our objective was to examine how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related conditions, and preventive care practices. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2009-2012, a cross-sectional, population-based survey, to assess ACEs, diabetes, and health care access in 179,375 adults. In those with diabetes (n = 21,007), we assessed the association of ACEs with myocardial infarction, stroke, and five Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) diabetes-related preventive-care objectives (n = 13,152). ⋯ Finally, ACEs predicted worse health care access in a stepwise fashion for all indicators. In conclusion, ACEs are associated with greater prevalence of diabetes and associated disease conditions, and with meeting fewer HP2020 prevention goals. Implementing ACE screening and trauma-informed health care practices are thus recommended.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
COVID-19 vaccine behaviors and intentions among a national sample of United States adults ages 18-45.
Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 illness, is an important public health tool to reduce hospitalizations and deaths. ⋯ Several demographic variables, vaccine attitudes, and healthcare experiences were found to contribute to COVID-19 vaccine receipt and intentions. Targeted efforts are necessary to increase uptake of the vaccine in the U.S.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Perceived risk for diabetes among U.S. adults with undiagnosed prediabetes.
The purpose was to examine the degree to which perceived risk for diabetes differed by race and ethnicity among U. S. adults with undiagnosed prediabetes. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 4005 participants (aged ≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program between 2011 and 2018. ⋯ Identifying as Hispanic was associated with a 29% higher likelihood of reporting no perceived risk compared to identifying as Non-Hispanic White (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.66). Healthcare factors may have less influence on diabetes risk perception. Future public health efforts should improve diabetes risk communication efforts across racial and ethnic groups, emphasizing Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Brazilian smokers are ready for the ban on flavour additives in tobacco to be implemented.
Brazil became the first country to approve a national policy to ban all flavour additives in all tobacco leaf products in 2012. However, as of February 2022, the policy remained to be implemented. Cross-sectional data come from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Brazil Wave 3 Survey among adult smokers (N = 1216) in 2016-2017. ⋯ More than half of menthol smokers reported they would either quit or reduce the amount they smoked if menthol cigarettes were banned. Findings suggest that there is support for Brazil's ban on flavour additives, which is a determinant of successful policy implemented. Continued delays will postpone an important measure with demonstrated public health gains.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Neighborhood built environments and Hispanic/Latino adults' physical activity in the U.S.: The Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos community and surrounding areas study.
Despite experiencing health inequities, less is known about neighborhood environments and physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults compared to other populations. We investigated this topic in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Hispanic/Latino adults in the San Diego, California area of the U. ⋯ Neighborhood features were unassociated with changes in MVPA over 6 years. Although changes in MVPA over time were similar across neighborhoods, Hispanic/Latino adults living in neighborhoods with design features supportive of walking and recreational activity (e.g., greater residential and retail density, more parks and recreation facilities) were consistently more active. Improving neighborhood environments appears important for supporting physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults.