Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
Review Meta AnalysisAssociation between estrogen replacement therapy and heart failure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Based on past epidemiological investigations, the cardiovascular role of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women has always been controversial. The real efficacy of ERT for heart failure (HF) among postmenopausal women remains to be further investigated. This article is based on research into European and American populations. ⋯ This systematic review demonstrated that estrogen replacement therapy did not significantly change the risk of first hospitalized heart failure and admission to the hospital for heart failure in postmenopausal women.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewFactors associated with child and adolescent electronic nicotine and non-nicotine delivery systems use: A scoping review.
To identify, characterise and broadly synthesise factors associated with child and adolescent electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS) ever-use and/or current use. ⋯ The evidence base on factors associated with ENDS/ENNDS use in children and adolescents is rapidly developing, predominately by research concentrated in high income regions and focused on behavioural- and personality-related factors.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewImplementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population: A scoping review.
Risk-tailored screening has emerged as a promising approach to optimise the balance of benefits and harms of existing population cancer screening programs. It tailors screening (e.g., eligibility, frequency, interval, test type) to individual risk rather than the current one-size-fits-all approach of most organised population screening programs. However, the implementation of risk-tailored cancer screening in the population is challenging as it requires a change of practice at multiple levels i.e., individual, provider, health system levels. This scoping review aims to synthesise current implementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population, identifying barriers, facilitators, and associated implementation outcomes. ⋯ Implementation strategies will need to address alternate models of delivery, education of health professionals, communication with the public, screening options for people at low risk of cancer, and inequity in outcomes across cancer types.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
Cardiorespiratory fitness in midlife and subsequent incident depression, long-term sickness absence, and disability pension due to depression in 330,247 men and women.
Specific information for whom and when cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with depression risk is lacking. We aimed to study the association between adulthood CRF and incident depression, long-term sickness absence, and disability pension due to depression, as well as examine moderation of sex, age, education, and occupation on associations. ⋯ In a large sample of adults without a depression diagnosis at baseline, higher CRF was shown to be beneficially related to the risk of incident depression and, to some extent, long-term sickness absence due to depression. If causal, targeted interventions focusing on increasing CRF in these sub-groups should be prioritized.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
Daily time spent on screens and psychological well-being: Cross-sectional association within the SUN cohort.
The impact of various lifestyles on psychological well-being (PWB) remains under-studied. We aimed to explore the cross-sectional association between daily screen use (television, tablet and mobile phone) and PWB within the SUN cohort. ⋯ These findings highlight the importance of reducing screen use activities and increasing physical exercise for achieving optimal PWB.