Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Is there a difference in preventive health checks and healthy lifestyle practices based on preconception status? Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.
While preventive healthcare guidelines recommend that pregnant women or those planning pregnancy engage in preventive care and maintain healthy lifestyles, it is unknown whether women engage in these activities before conception. We examined the association between maternal status and participation in preventive health checks and healthy lifestyle practices. ⋯ There were no differences in most behaviours between women in preconception period and in other women who were not pregnant. More awareness of preconception health is required to encourage women to engage in preventive activities.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Joint association of diet quality and physical activity with obstructive sleep apnea: A cross-sectional study.
This study aimed to assess the relationship between the independent effects of dietary quality (DQ) (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]-2015) and physical activity (PA) and their joint effects and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ⋯ The results of this study demonstrated that the combination of qualified DQ and high-level PA was significantly associated with a reduced risk of OSA. This finding emphasized the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention of OSA.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Gender identity and activity limitations: A national study on transgender and non-binary Canadians.
Activity limitations among transgender and non-binary individuals remain largely unexplored using population-based samples. This study examines the risk of activity limitations across different gender identities in Canada. ⋯ Non-binary and transgender individuals are most at risk for activity limitations. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies to address challenges faced by gender-diverse populations. Future research should investigate the mechanisms behind these disparities. Healthcare policies must prioritize culturally competent, transgender-inclusive care to reduce disparities in activity limitations.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Comparative StudyComparative effectiveness of high-efficacy and moderate efficacy disease-modifying agents in reducing the annualized relapse rates among multiple sclerosis patients in the United States.
The optimal treatment strategy for the management of multiple sclerosis is widely discussed due to the increasing availability of high-efficacy disease-modifying agents (heDMAs). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of heDMA and moderate-efficacy disease-modifying agents (meDMAs) use in reducing annualized relapse rate (ARR) among multiple sclerosis patients. ⋯ The study found that sex moderated the effect of heDMAs, with male multiple sclerosis patients using heDMAs associated with a 26 % decreased risk of relapse than those with meDMAs. However, there was no difference in comparative effectiveness for females.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Sex-specific associations of cigarettes and E-cigarettes use with self-reported premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults aged 18-54 in the United States.
Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing in young adults (<55 years old). While research suggests females who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of ASCVD than males, studies on the impact of exclusive e-cigarette and dual use on premature ASCVD are limited. This study investigated the association between tobacco use and self-reported premature ASCVD and explored potential sex differences. ⋯ Both sexes showed higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD for dual and exclusive cigarette use. Although the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences, the findings suggest comprehensive tobacco cessation programs tailored to diverse use patterns are needed to reduce the burden of premature ASCVD.