Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2010
ReviewThe impact of interventions to improve attendance in female cancer screening among lower socioeconomic groups: a review.
To review the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to promote attendance to breast and cervical cancer screening among lower socioeconomic groups. ⋯ Evidence from studies suggests that the attendance of deprived women to cancer screening can be improved with organized screening programs tailored to their needs. The same may apply to the prevention of adverse outcomes of other health conditions, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2009
ReviewBridging the gap: translating research into policy and practice.
Effective physical activity interventions do not achieve their full potential if they are not applied beyond their original testing in research studies. Potentially effective interventions can be adopted in community settings through the efforts of numerous agencies, organizations, and individuals. ⋯ To enhance the uptake of evidence-based interventions, several steps are needed to: build the science by moving upstream, increase the understanding of practice-based evidence, move beyond the "what" to the "how," re-frame the dissemination challenges, place greater emphasis on workforce development, and make research more accessible for policy audiences. The most effective strategies to bridge the gap between research and practice, will have at their heart, effective academic-practice-policy maker partnerships.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2009
ReviewPhysical activity: health outcomes and importance for public health policy.
This manuscript presents a brief summary of the substantial data supporting an inverse relationship between the amount of habitual physical activity performed and a variety of negative health outcomes throughout the lifespan. It points out that despite these data a large segment of the US population remain insufficiently active resulting in a high population attributable risk for chronic disease due to inactivity. The accumulated data support the need for more comprehensive health promoting physical activity policies and programs, especially for the economically and socially disadvantaged and medically underserved.
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To assemble expected values for free-living steps/day in special populations living with chronic illnesses and disabilities. ⋯ This review will be useful to researchers/practitioners who work with individuals living with chronic illness and disability and require such information for surveillance, screening, intervention, and program evaluation purposes.
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Preventive medicine · May 2009
ReviewWorking for health? Evidence from systematic reviews on the effects on health and health inequalities of organisational changes to the psychosocial work environment.
To map the health effects of interventions which aim to alter the psychosocial work environment, with a particular focus on differential impacts by socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, or age. ⋯ Policy makers should consider organisational level changes to the psychosocial work environment when seeking to improve the health of the working age population.