Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2023
Bullying and physical violence and their association with handgun carrying among youth growing up in rural areas.
This study builds on prior research showing a strong relationship between handgun carrying and delinquent behaviors among urban youth by examining the association between handgun carrying trajectories and various types of violence in a rural sample. ⋯ Experiencing and using bullying and physical violence were associated with specific patterns of handgun carrying among youth growing up in rural areas. Handgun carrying could be an important focus of violence prevention programs among those youth.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2023
Mediation of lifestyle-associated variables on the association between occupation and incident cardiovascular disease.
The main aim was to examine the association between occupational groups and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to which extent associations are mediated by lifestyle-associated variables (cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking, BMI, exercise, and diet). A total of 304,702 participants (mean age 42.5 yrs., 47% women), who performed a health profile assessment in Sweden between 1982 and 2019, were included in the analyses. CVD incidence was obtained from national registers. ⋯ Cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, exercise, smoking, and diet mediated 48% to 54% of the associations between reference and the other aggregated occupational groups. In the single model, the strongest mediators were cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking and BMI. In conclusion, blue-collar and low-skilled occupations had a significantly higher risk for incident CVD compared to white-collar high-skilled workers, with the association mediated to a large extent by variation in lifestyle-associated variables.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2023
Depressive symptoms mediate the longitudinal association between diabetes and subjective cognitive decline. Findings from a semirural multi-ethnic older population in Malaysia.
The potential role of psychological distress as the pathway linking diabetes and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between diabetes and SCD in older adults. Baseline data from 3428 adults (55-94 years) of the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Malaysia were utilized. ⋯ Mediation analyses revealed that 9% of the association between diabetes and SCD was attributable to an indirect effect through depressive symptoms (ß = -0.01, 95% CI 0.02-0.001, p < 0.0001). This study provides further evidence of the detrimental effects of diabetes and depression on subjective cognitive decline. Our findings also suggest that depression is an important pathway linking previously diagnosed diabetes with subjective cognitive decline in older adulthood.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2023
Cluster analysis of adults unvaccinated for COVID-19 based on behavioral and social factors, National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, United States.
By the end of 2021, approximately 15% of U. S. adults remained unvaccinated against COVID-19, and vaccination initiation rates had stagnated. We used unsupervised machine learning (K-means clustering) to identify clusters of unvaccinated respondents based on Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) of COVID-19 vaccination and compared these clusters to vaccinated participants to better understand social/behavioral factors of non-vaccination. ⋯ This study identified, described, and compared the characteristics of the three unvaccinated subgroups. Public health practitioners, healthcare providers and community leaders can use these characteristics to better tailor messaging for each sub-population. Our findings may also help inform decisionmakers exploring possible policy interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2023
Concurrent participation in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programmes in Denmark: A nationwide registry-based study.
Women in Denmark are invited to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening in their fifties and sixties. We determined the patterns of concurrent participation in the three programmes. Participation in organised cancer screening was determined using the highly complete Danish population and health care registers for all women aged 53-65 years on 31 March 2018 who continuously resided in Denmark since 1 April 2012. ⋯ Cancer-specific patterns were highly heterogeneous across the population but changed little after accounting for women's medical history. A significant proportion of women who are screened for a specific cancer remain unscreened for other cancers. The consistency of these data at the international level requires a reconsideration of invitational practices for organised screening.