Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewInvesting in family-centered early childhood education: A conceptual model for preventing firearm homicide among Black male youth in the United States.
Firearms are now the number one killer of children and adolescents in the United States. Firearm homicides among Black male youth are the driver of this increase. Prevention requires a multi-faceted life course approach. Academic achievement has been identified as a protective factor. Early childhood education, which is linked to later achievement, is thus an intervention area of interest. Conceptualizing the potential links between early childhood education and reduced risk for youth firearm homicide is important for guiding policy advocacy and informing future research. ⋯ Effective interventions to reduce firearm homicides among Black male youth in the United States are needed. Early childhood education shows promise as an intervention. However, to have an impact, this education needs to be accessible and affordable for all, particularly families of color and low income. Societal structures and policies must also better support the positive gains seen through early childhood education to avoid dissipation.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewImplementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population: A scoping review.
Risk-tailored screening has emerged as a promising approach to optimise the balance of benefits and harms of existing population cancer screening programs. It tailors screening (e.g., eligibility, frequency, interval, test type) to individual risk rather than the current one-size-fits-all approach of most organised population screening programs. However, the implementation of risk-tailored cancer screening in the population is challenging as it requires a change of practice at multiple levels i.e., individual, provider, health system levels. This scoping review aims to synthesise current implementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population, identifying barriers, facilitators, and associated implementation outcomes. ⋯ Implementation strategies will need to address alternate models of delivery, education of health professionals, communication with the public, screening options for people at low risk of cancer, and inequity in outcomes across cancer types.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewImplementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population: A scoping review.
Risk-tailored screening has emerged as a promising approach to optimise the balance of benefits and harms of existing population cancer screening programs. It tailors screening (e.g., eligibility, frequency, interval, test type) to individual risk rather than the current one-size-fits-all approach of most organised population screening programs. However, the implementation of risk-tailored cancer screening in the population is challenging as it requires a change of practice at multiple levels i.e., individual, provider, health system levels. This scoping review aims to synthesise current implementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population, identifying barriers, facilitators, and associated implementation outcomes. ⋯ Implementation strategies will need to address alternate models of delivery, education of health professionals, communication with the public, screening options for people at low risk of cancer, and inequity in outcomes across cancer types.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Review Meta AnalysisWhat rate of Iranian women perform Pap smear test? Results from a meta-analysis.
In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the aggregated proportion of Pap smear test uptake among women in Iran from 2012 to 2022 using meta-analysis. The data collection process involved reviewing records registered in databases between January 1, 2012, and September 11, 2022. The final data was analyzed using random effects models, and potential heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index. ⋯ No significant evidence of publication bias was detected, although the influence of smaller studies was confirmed. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the overall rate of Pap smear test uptake was not highly sensitive to the results of individual studies. The findings emphasize the low rate of regular Pap smear testing among Iranian women and suggest that tailored interventions considering cultural and geographical factors specific to different provinces in Iran could help increase the utilization of this screening service.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Review Meta AnalysisAssociation of sleep traits with myopia in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.
The association between sleep and myopia in children and adolescents has been reported, yet it remains controversial and inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different sleep traits on the risk of myopia using meta-analytical and Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques. ⋯ No evidence was found to support a causal relationship between sleep traits and myopia. While sleep may not independently predict the risk of myopia, the potential impact of sleep on the occurrence and development of myopia cannot be disregarded.