Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewImplementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population: A scoping review.
Risk-tailored screening has emerged as a promising approach to optimise the balance of benefits and harms of existing population cancer screening programs. It tailors screening (e.g., eligibility, frequency, interval, test type) to individual risk rather than the current one-size-fits-all approach of most organised population screening programs. However, the implementation of risk-tailored cancer screening in the population is challenging as it requires a change of practice at multiple levels i.e., individual, provider, health system levels. This scoping review aims to synthesise current implementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population, identifying barriers, facilitators, and associated implementation outcomes. ⋯ Implementation strategies will need to address alternate models of delivery, education of health professionals, communication with the public, screening options for people at low risk of cancer, and inequity in outcomes across cancer types.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewImplementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population: A scoping review.
Risk-tailored screening has emerged as a promising approach to optimise the balance of benefits and harms of existing population cancer screening programs. It tailors screening (e.g., eligibility, frequency, interval, test type) to individual risk rather than the current one-size-fits-all approach of most organised population screening programs. However, the implementation of risk-tailored cancer screening in the population is challenging as it requires a change of practice at multiple levels i.e., individual, provider, health system levels. This scoping review aims to synthesise current implementation considerations for risk-tailored cancer screening in the population, identifying barriers, facilitators, and associated implementation outcomes. ⋯ Implementation strategies will need to address alternate models of delivery, education of health professionals, communication with the public, screening options for people at low risk of cancer, and inequity in outcomes across cancer types.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewInvesting in family-centered early childhood education: A conceptual model for preventing firearm homicide among Black male youth in the United States.
Firearms are now the number one killer of children and adolescents in the United States. Firearm homicides among Black male youth are the driver of this increase. Prevention requires a multi-faceted life course approach. Academic achievement has been identified as a protective factor. Early childhood education, which is linked to later achievement, is thus an intervention area of interest. Conceptualizing the potential links between early childhood education and reduced risk for youth firearm homicide is important for guiding policy advocacy and informing future research. ⋯ Effective interventions to reduce firearm homicides among Black male youth in the United States are needed. Early childhood education shows promise as an intervention. However, to have an impact, this education needs to be accessible and affordable for all, particularly families of color and low income. Societal structures and policies must also better support the positive gains seen through early childhood education to avoid dissipation.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of multiple health behavior change interventions in reducing symptoms of anxiety in the adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of preventive interventions for anxiety disorders. We aim to test the effectiveness of multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions in the reduction of symptoms of anxiety in the adult population. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching the most relevant databases and registry platforms in the area. ⋯ The effect became non-significant when only studies with a low risk of bias were included. There was substantial and significant heterogeneity between the studies. There is currently insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of MHBC interventions to reduce symptoms of anxiety in the adult population.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of multiple health behavior change interventions in reducing symptoms of anxiety in the adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of preventive interventions for anxiety disorders. We aim to test the effectiveness of multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions in the reduction of symptoms of anxiety in the adult population. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching the most relevant databases and registry platforms in the area. ⋯ The effect became non-significant when only studies with a low risk of bias were included. There was substantial and significant heterogeneity between the studies. There is currently insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of MHBC interventions to reduce symptoms of anxiety in the adult population.