Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2016
Review Meta AnalysisOrthostatic hypotension and the risk of incidental cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
To quantitatively estimate the prospective associations between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. ⋯ Presence of OH was independently related to significantly increased risk for incidence of CHD and stroke. Further, studies regarding the mechanisms and potential treatments for OH may be important for understanding whether the associations between OH and cardiovascular diseases are causative.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2016
Review Meta AnalysisInterventions for prevention and treatment of tobacco smoking in school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
To determine the effectiveness of primary health care relevant interventions to prevent and treat tobacco smoking in school-aged children and adolescents. ⋯ Primary care relevant behavioral interventions improve smoking outcomes for children and youth. The evidence on key components is limited by heterogeneity in methodology and intervention strategy. Future trials should target tailored prevention or treatment approaches, establish uniform definition and measurement of smoking, isolate optimal intervention components, and include long-term follow-up.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Review Meta AnalysisThe Theory of Planned Behaviour and dietary patterns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Promoting adherence to healthy dietary patterns is a critical public health issue. Models of behaviour, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) allow programme designers to identify antecedents of dietary patterns and design effective interventions. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between TPB variables and dietary patterns. ⋯ TPB variables were found to have medium to large associations with both intention and behaviour that were robust to the influence of key moderators. Recommendations for future research include further examination of the moderation of TPB variables by age and gender and the use of more valid measures of eating behaviour.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2015
Review Meta AnalysisPersonal financial incentives for changing habitual health-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Uncertainty remains about whether personal financial incentives could achieve sustained changes in health-related behaviors that would reduce the fast-growing global non-communicable disease burden. This review aims to estimate whether: i. financial incentives achieve sustained changes in smoking, eating, alcohol consumption and physical activity; ii. effectiveness is modified by (a) the target behavior, (b) incentive value and attainment certainty, (c) recipients' deprivation level. ⋯ Personal financial incentives can change habitual health-related behaviors and help reduce health inequalities. However, their role in reducing disease burden is potentially limited given current evidence that effects dissipate beyond three months post-incentive removal.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2015
Review Meta AnalysisThe effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials that examined the effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Walking interventions improve many risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This underscores the central role of walking in physical activity for health promotion.