Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
ReviewInterventions and contextual factors to improve retention in care for patients with hypertension in primary care: Hermeneutic systematic review.
Regular engagement over time in hypertension care, or retention, is a crucial but understudied step in optimizing patient outcomes. This systematic review leverages a hermeneutic methodology to identify, evaluate, and quantify the effects of interventions and contextual factors for improving retention for patients with hypertension. ⋯ PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021291368. Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=291368.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEstablishing multifactorial risk factors for adult-onset hearing loss: A systematic review with topic modelling and synthesis of epidemiological evidence.
This systematic review explores the multifaceted nature of risk factors contributing to adult-onset HL. The objective was to synthesise the most recent epidemiological evidence to generate pooled proportional incidences for the identified risk factors. ⋯ The findings of this review, combined with the synthesis of epidemiological evidence, enhance our understanding of hearing loss (HL) pathogenesis and highlight potential areas for intervention, thereby paving the way for more effective prevention and management of adult-onset hearing loss in our ageing global population.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEstablishing multifactorial risk factors for adult-onset hearing loss: A systematic review with topic modelling and synthesis of epidemiological evidence.
This systematic review explores the multifaceted nature of risk factors contributing to adult-onset HL. The objective was to synthesise the most recent epidemiological evidence to generate pooled proportional incidences for the identified risk factors. ⋯ The findings of this review, combined with the synthesis of epidemiological evidence, enhance our understanding of hearing loss (HL) pathogenesis and highlight potential areas for intervention, thereby paving the way for more effective prevention and management of adult-onset hearing loss in our ageing global population.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
ReviewAssociations between the built environment and physical activity in children, adults and older people: A narrative review of reviews.
Physical activity is essential for promoting public health, and it is affected by the built environment at population level. Extensive evidence exists on the associations between the built environment and physical activity, but results are inconclusive for different age groups. Therefore, we conducted a narrative review summarizing existing reviews on the associations between the built environment and physical activity for children, adults and older people and synthesized their findings. ⋯ Our findings provide valuable information on creating health-promoting urban environments for practitioners. Further research is needed to understand which characteristics make urban environments age friendly for physical activity. Special attention should be paid to less explored promising characteristics such as street lighting and the quality of green spaces.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Review Meta AnalysisAssociation of sedentary time with risk of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Given the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), we meta-analysed CVD relative risk (RR) in relation to high vs. low categories of self-reported and objectively assessed sedentary behaviours from cohort studies; in a sub-sample (n = 4 studies), the theoretical substitution of one hour spent sedentary with the same amount of time spent in light-intense physical activity was evaluated. Based on 19 studies (60,526 fatal and non-fatal CVD, 1,473,354 individuals and 13,559,139 persons-year) we estimated a 30% increased CVD risk for high vs. low categories of sedentary behaviour (RR = 1.29, confidence interval (CI) = 1.22;1.37). ⋯ Substituting one hour spent sedentary with physical activity of light intensity reduced the risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD events by one-fifth (RR =0.84, CI = 0.73;0.97). In meta-regression analysis, potential influential factors such as age, sex, and medical condition did not essentially alter the results.