Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Human papilloma virus vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage in managed care plans - United States, 2018.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination for adolescents aged 11-12 years and cervical cancer screening for women aged 21-65 years are recommended to help prevent cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe 2018 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) data for the United States on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening from 275 commercial preferred provider organizations (PPOs), 219 commercial health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and 204 Medicaid HMOs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and NCQA analyzed the data in 2021. ⋯ The mean rate for cervical cancer screening was 75.9% in commercial HMOs, 72.6% in commercial PPOs, and 60.3% among Medicaid HMOs. Medicaid HMOs reported higher HPV vaccination rates but lower cervical cancer screening rates than commercial plans. These differences raise questions about explanatory factors and how to improve prevention performance by plan category.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Women with obesity participate less in cervical cancer screening and are more likely to have unsatisfactory smears: Results from a nationwide Danish cohort study.
Some studies found an association between obesity and increased cervical cancer risk, but potential mechanisms are unknown. In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we investigated the association between overweight/obesity and cervical cancer screening participation and risk of unsatisfactory smears. The study population was identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry. ⋯ A lower proportion of obese women (79.3%) than women of normal weight (85.8%) were screened, and obese women had lower adjusted probability of being screened than women of normal weight (RARadjusted = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.93-0.95). A higher proportion of obese women (2.4%) than women of normal weight (1.7%) had an unsatisfactory smear, and this association remained after adjustments (RRadjusted = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.19-1.38). In conclusion, women with obesity were less likely to participate in cervical cancer screening and more likely to have an unsatisfactory smear than women of normal weight.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Association between self-rated health and venous thromboembolism in Malmö Preventive Program: A cohort study.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share some risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and dietary habits. Poor self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a predictor of arterial CVD and mortality for both men and women. The association between SRH and VTE has only been investigated in one previous Swedish study with a cohort that just contained women. This Swedish study did not show any significant associations between poor SRH and VTE in women. ⋯ In this cohort study, SRH was associated with VTE in women but not among men. The association was significant even when adjusting for well-known risk factors such as varicose veins, BMI and smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Perceptions of the safety of vaccines and vaccine associated knowledge levels in Europe: A 2019 cross-sectional study in 28 countries.
Vaccination has saved millions of lives. Vaccine hesitancy was recently declared a major threat to health by the World Health Organisation. Sociodemographic variables and knowledge level about vaccines have been suggested previously to affect vaccine uptake. ⋯ An increasing number of people are seeking online sources for vaccination information, and this has implications with information accuracy and vaccine hesitancy. A considerable proportion of the adult population in the European Union and the United Kingdom was concerned about the safety or side effects of vaccines. Continued efforts to increase trust in vaccines both in whole populations and specific groups are needed.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2022
Differential trends in US suicide rates, 1999-2020: Emerging racial and ethnic disparities.
Suicide is an important cause of mortality in the United States. This study aimed to examine US suicide trends by race and ethnicity from 1999 to 2020. Publicly available de-identified data were extracted from the CDC's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research. ⋯ Based on suicide mechanism, recent trends have increased by firearm (APC = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.0) and suffocation (APC = 3.8; 95% CI: 3.5, 4.1), decreased by drug poisoning (APC = -2.9; 95% CI: -3.9, -1.9), and stabilized by non-drug poisoning (APC = 0.6; 95% CI: -2.4, 3.7). Racial and ethnic disparities exist in suicide trends in the United States. Further research to identify individual and contextual factors for the differences may guide effective public health intervention efforts.