Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
ReviewA scoping review of whole-of-community interventions on six modifiable cancer prevention risk factors in youth: A systems typology.
Whole-of-community interventions delivered across entire geospatial areas show promise for improving population health for youth cancer prevention. The aims of this scoping review were to synthesize the whole-of-community intervention literature on six modifiable risk factors in youth for cancer prevention (alcohol use, diet, obesity, physical activity, sun exposure, tobacco use) and to develop and apply a typology describing the inclusion of fundamental control system functional characteristics. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published to the end of 2019. ⋯ Although communities are a patchwork quilt of microsystems where individuals interact in geographically bounded places nested within larger whole systems of influence, a control systems approach has not been used to frame the literature. Whole-of-community interventions can be characterized by the fundamental system functions necessary for coordinating population health improvement. Future whole-of-community intervention efforts should draw on fundamental knowledge of how systems operate and test whether adoption of the key functions is necessary for whole-of-community population health improvement.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Review Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of community-based cardiovascular disease prevention interventions to improve physical activity: A systematic review and meta-regression.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite preventive community-based interventions (CBIs) seem efficacious in reducing CVD risks, a comprehensive up-to-date synthesis on the effectiveness of such interventions in improving physical activity (PA) is lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based CVD preventive interventions aimed at improving PA level. ⋯ Moreover, interventions targeting high-risk groups showed greater effectiveness than those targeting the general population (OR: 1.76; 95%CI: 1.30-2.39 vs. 1.17; 95%CI: 0.89-1.55). In conclusion, community-based CVD preventive interventions have a positive impact on improving the PA level, albeit that relevant studies in lower-middle and low-income countries are limited. With the rising burden of CVDs, rolling out CBIs targeting the general population and high-risk groups are needed to control the growing CVD-burden.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Meta AnalysisE-cigarette use and adverse respiratory symptoms among adolescents and Young adults in the United States.
E-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults has been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms, including symptoms of asthma and bronchitis. This investigation examined whether such associations differ by primary type of e-cigarette device used. This cross-sectional study included data from four study populations in California and Connecticut, United States, ages 13-21 years (N = 10,483), who self-reported their tobacco use behaviors and health status from 2018 to 2020. ⋯ Among past 30-day e-cigarette users, associations with respiratory symptoms did not differ by device type. In these populations, e-cigarette use was positively associated with symptoms of bronchitis and shortness of breath, but adjusted odds of symptoms did not differ meaningfully by device type. These findings suggest that risk of these respiratory outcomes is elevated among more frequent e-cigarette users regardless of device type used.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
ReviewA systematic review of the intervention characteristics, and behavior change theory and techniques used in mother-daughter interventions targeting physical activity.
Growing gender disparities in levels of physical inactivity put women and female youths at a greater risk of associated health problems. Mother-daughter interventions have been proposed as means to promote physical activity in this at-risk cohort. However, there is a lack of clarity as to if and why these types of interventions might be effective. ⋯ Thirty-seven behavior change techniques were identified across studies. Some techniques were deemed potentially effective including credible source, information on the health consequences of the behavior and the self-regulatory techniques of goal-setting, self-monitoring and problem-solving. Future research should consider the use of the TIDieR guidelines and BCT Taxonomy v1 to improve the quality of information for intervention development, implementation, and reporting phases.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
ReviewA mixed-methods systematic review identifying, describing, and examining the effects of school-based care coordination programs in the US on all reported outcomes.
Children learn best when they are healthy. Therefore, access to school-based health and providing family support for social needs play an essential role in shaping a child's ability to succeed academically. The purpose of this mixed-methods review, which considers studies with all methods, is to describe and examine the effect of US school-based care coordination programs on all the outcomes reported. ⋯ They also enhanced asthma knowledge and management, immunization adherence, follow-up care for vision and hearing, mental health, and school attendance. Nevertheless, challenges included staff shortages, unmet family needs, privacy laws regarding student data, and lack of resources (i.e., medications). This review highlights the need to expand school-based care coordination programs in the US and conduct robust program evaluations to assess their effectiveness.