Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Follow-up after abnormal cervical cancer screening in immigrants compared with Danish-born women - A nationwide register study.
Cervical cancer screening is offered free-of-charge to women aged 23-64 years in Denmark. Immigrants participate less in screening than Danish-born women, but little is known about their participation in follow-up after abnormal screening results. In this registry-based cohort study, we examined the likelihood of timely follow-up after an abnormal cervical cytology in immigrants from different countries and regions compared with Danish-born women. ⋯ The differences between immigrants and Danish-born women remained when adjusting for age, year, income, employment and marital status. In conclusion, immigrants from most countries and regions were slightly less likely than Danish-born women to receive timely follow-up after abnormal cervical cytology, also after adjusting for socioeconomic differences. Efforts should be made to improve follow-up of abnormal screening results in immigrant groups with low attendance.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Exploring how tobacco advertisements are associated with tobacco use susceptibility in tobacco naive adolescents from the PATH study.
Adolescents' susceptibility to pro-tobacco marketing advertisements puts them at risk for initiating and continued use of tobacco. The objective of this study was to quantify the cross-sectional association between tobacco ad exposure and tobacco use susceptibility (e.g., curiosity about tobacco products, willingness, and future intention to try tobacco products) among tobacco-naive adolescents. Data came from Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a nationally-representative sample of US adolescents ages 12-17. ⋯ Among tobacco naïve adolescents (N = 9455), tobacco ads exposure was positively associated with tobacco use susceptibility, compared with the non-exposure group. Seeing cigarettes/other non-ENDS tobacco products only was associated with a 1.64 increase in odds being susceptible to tobacco use; tobacco ads exposure via website and/or social media sites only (cigarette/other non-ENDS tobacco, AOR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.25-2.81; ENDS, AOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.43-3.55) was associated with higher odds of tobacco use susceptibility, compared to the non-exposure group. With rapidly increasing rates of ENDS use in adolescents, it is crucial that advertisements promoting the initiation and continued use of ENDS are strictly regulated, especially among advertisements that are online and on social media sites.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Prevention paradox between stroke and multiple potential risk factors using data from a population-based cohort study.
Previous studies have found the prevention paradox in the association between stroke events and a single specific risk factor, indicating that a population-based strategy may be more effective than a high-risk-based strategy for prevention. We tested the hypothesis that the prevention paradox does not apply when focusing on multiple potential risk factors simultaneously. The study cohort included 9051 individuals from Japan aged 40-89 years. ⋯ We found that hypertension was a primary risk factor for stroke incidence, regardless of sex and age. The percentage of patients with a single specific risk of and developed stroke was 46%-63%, while the percentage of patients with 1-3 risk factor(s) was 71-83%. This finding leads to the conclusion that the prevention paradox does not hold when multiple stroke risk factors were associated, suggesting that a high-risk-based strategy that focuses on patients with multiple risk factors may be more effective in preventing strokes.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Gender gap in health service utilisation and outcomes of depression: A cross-country longitudinal analysis of European middle-aged and older adults.
Research has shown that health service utilisation for depression (HSUD) is less common among men than women. However, most evidence is cross-sectional, and there is limited information about gendered outcomes of depression. This cross-country study assesses gender differences in HSUD and in the persistence of depression by using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. ⋯ Among those without HSUD, depression was more likely to persist among women (45.4%, OR = 0.79, 99%CI = 0.78-0.79). Results suggest that cross-sectional analyses underestimate men's disadvantage in HSUD. Interventions are needed to improve the demand for care and treatment adequacy among men, increasing their perception of need and their mental health literacy.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Clustering of obesity-related characteristics: A latent class analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
Measures of obesity, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), do not fully capture the complexity of obesity-related health risks. This study identified distinct classes of obesity-related characteristics and evaluated their associations with BMI, WC, and percent body fat (%BF) using cross-sectional data from 30,096 participants aged 45-85 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011-2015). Sixteen obesity-related variables, including behavioural, metabolic, physical health, and mental health/social factors, were included in a latent class analysis to identify distinct classes of participants. ⋯ Compared to "low-risk", all classes had increased odds of BMI-, WC- and %BF-defined obesity. For example, the "complex and multiple risk" class was associated with obesity by BMI (OR: 10.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.51, 12.04), WC (OR: 9.21, 95% CI: 8,15, 10,41) and %BF (OR: 7.54, 95% CI: 6.21, 9.16). Distinct classes of obesity-related characteristics were identified and were strongly associated with obesity defined by multiple measures.