Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Driving under the influence of cannabis risk perceptions and behaviour: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada.
Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is detrimental to road safety. Risk perception is a strong determinant of DUIC behaviour, yet little is known about the factors influencing DUIC risk perception in the general population. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with risk perceptions of motor vehicle collision and legal consequences due to DUIC and examine whether these perceptions were associated with DUIC behaviour. ⋯ Cannabis legalization provides a timely opportunity for DUIC prevention strategies. This study suggests that policymakers should target male cannabis users and highlight the safety risks of DUIC. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of prevention measures and the impact of cannabis legalization on DUIC perceptions and behaviour.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
U.S. adults noticing and using menu calorie information: Analysis of the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey Data.
FDA's Menu Labeling Final Rule requires covered establishments provide calorie information on menus or menu boards, among other requirements. This study describes correlates of noticing and using menu calorie information in a nationally representative sample of U. S. adults before implementation of the Final Rule in May 2018. ⋯ Men with, versus without, calorie knowledge were twice as likely to report noticing menu calorie information (adjusted OR 2.23 95% CI 1.51, 3.29). Findings suggest behavioral response to menu calorie information varies and most individuals who notice the information respond by ordering less in ways that could reduce caloric intake. Future analyses could compare noticing and using menu calorie information before and after menu labeling implementation to assess the effect of policy on population behaviors.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
E-cigarette initiation predicts subsequent academic performance among youth: Results from the PATH Study.
Research shows cigarette smoking is associated with lower academic performance among youth. This study examines how initiating e-cigarette use is associated with subsequent academic performance. Data from Waves 2-4 youth and parent surveys of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were analyzed. ⋯ Results indicate that e-cigarette use initiation is associated with lower subsequent academic performance, independent from the association between cigarette use initiation and lower academic performance among U. S. youth. Future research needs to examine whether preventing youth e-cigarette and cigarette use can lead to improvement in academic performance.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Lifecourse socioeconomic position and diabetes incidence in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, 2003 to 2016.
Low socioeconomic position (SEP) across the lifecourse is associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We examined whether these economic disparities differ by race and sex. We included 5448 African American (AA) and white participants aged ≥45 years from the national (United States) REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort without T2DM at baseline (2003-07). ⋯ T2DM risk was similar for stable low SEP and increased for downward mobility when compared with stable high SEP in both groups, whereas upward mobility increased T2DM risk among AAs only. No differences by sex were observed. Among AAs, low CSEP was not independently associated with T2DM, but CSEP may shape later-life experiences and health risks.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Nonlinear relationship between nonresidential destinations and body mass index across a wide range of development.
Destination accessibility is an important measure of the built environment that is associated with active transport and body mass index (BMI). In higher density settings, an inverse association has been consistently found, but in lower density settings, findings are limited. We previously found a positive relationship between the density of nonresidential destinations (NRD) and BMI in a low-density state. We sought to test the generalizability of this unexpected finding using data from six other states that include a broader range of settlement densities. ⋯ BMI peaked in the middle density, with lower values in both the low and high-density extremes. These results suggest that the mechanisms by which NRDs are associated with obesity may differ by density level.