Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Risk of hypertension in school-aged children undergoing a long-term community-based lifestyle intervention: Tehran lipid and glucose study.
Childhood hypertension which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood is becoming more prevalent. For the first time in the Middle-East region, this study aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle intervention on the incidence of hypertension in school-aged children during 16 years of follow-up. This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). ⋯ Although the risk of hypertension in boys was more than twice that observed in girls, the effectiveness of the recent community-based healthy lifestyle intervention was observed only in girls and not in boys. Further studies are needed to understand gender differences in promoting the effectiveness of similar future programs. The TLGS is registered at Iran Registry for Clinical Trials, a WHO primary registry (http://irct.ir; IRCTID: IRCT138705301058N1).
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Association between opioid overdose death rates and educational attainment - United States, 2010-2019.
Educational attainment may be an indicator of disparities in the ongoing opioid-overdose crisis. To understand the association between educational attainment and fatal opioid overdose, death records in the mortality files published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. Proportionate mortality due to opioid overdose, PMOD, was used, as age-adjusted death rates suffer dual data-source errors caused by differences in educational data reported in death records and in population surveys. ⋯ These results suggest that the impact of lower educational attainment may be getting worse and furthering inequities in health. Responses to the opioid-overdose epidemic should consider the large educational gradient. Extra attention to the most vulnerable groups is necessary.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Cannabis use assessment and documentation in healthcare: Priorities for closing the gap.
Several factors, including the lack of a systematic cannabis use assessment within healthcare systems, have led to significant under-documentation of cannabis use and its correlates in medical records, the unpreparedness of clinicians, and poor quality of cannabis-related electronic health record data, limiting its utilization in research. Multiple steps are required to overcome the existing knowledge gaps and accommodate the health needs implied by the increasing cannabis use prevalence. ⋯ Employing electronic health record data in cannabis-related research is crucial to accelerate research in light of the existing knowledge gaps on a wide array of health outcomes. Thus, improving and modernizing cannabis use assessment and documentation in healthcare is an integral step on which research conduct and evidence generation primarily rely.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Bullying and suicide risk among sexual minority youth in the United States.
Bullying is associated with increased suicide risk and maladaptive development for sexual minority youth (SMY). The purpose of this study is to determine whether multiple forms of bullying mediate the relationship between biological sex and suicide risk among SMY and to determine whether sexual identity moderates these relationships (i.e., moderated mediation). Data from the 2015-2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey was analyzed using multiple group structural equation modeling with the 5967 youth that self-identified as Lesbian/Gay, Bisexual, or Not sure of their sexual identity. ⋯ These finding align with the minority stress theory which posits the victimization experiences are linked to negative mental health outcomes among minority youth. Although sexual identity did not moderate these relationships, this study reveals new mechanistic pathways influencing sex-based suicide risk disparities among SMY. Findings can inform future research and the development of suicide prevention interventions that address the unique needs of SMY occurring at the intersection of sex and sexual identity.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Trends in opioid misuse by cigarette smoking status among US adolescents: Results from National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2018.
Increasing rates of opioid-related emergency department visits and deaths among adolescents in the United States are a public health concern. Adolescent cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for opioid misuse; though, there is a paucity of research on adolescents' cigarette smoking and opioid misuse. This study investigates current trends and the association between cigarette smoking and opioid misuse among US adolescents. ⋯ While there was a significant reduction in opioid misuse among the entire sample and among never-smokers over time (2.5% in 2015 to 1.9% in 2018), this trend was not significant among ever-smokers (14.2% in 2015 to 11.1% in 2018). Multivariable logistic regression showed ever-smokers (vs. never-smokers) had higher odds of past-year opioid misuse (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.66, 2.43). Findings suggest that comprehensive tobacco control policies and opioid misuse prevention programs are warranted to curb opioid misuse among adolescents.