Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
A spatial analysis of the effect of neighborhood contexts on cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in U.S. Counties through October 20 2020.
COVID-19 has become a nationwide public health crisis in the United States and the number of COVID-19 cases is different by U. S. counties. Also, previous studies have reported that neighborhood contexts have an influence on health outcomes. ⋯ In conclusion, there exist geographical differences in cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in U. S. counties, which is influenced by various neighborhood contexts. Hence, these findings emphasize the need to take various neighborhood contexts into account when planning COVID-19 prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
Is the ongoing obesity epidemic partly explained by concurrent decline in cigarette smoking? Insights from a longitudinal population study. The Tromsø Study 1994-2016.
The increase of obesity coincides with a substantial decrease in cigarette smoking. We assessed post-cessation weight change and its contribution to the obesity epidemic in a general population in Norway. A total of 14,453 participants (52.6% women), aged 25-54 years in 1994, who attended at least two of four surveys in the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016, were included in the analysis. ⋯ The scenario where none quit smoking would imply a 13% reduction in BMI gain in the population, though substantial age-related differences were noted. We conclude that smoking cessation contributed to the increase in obesity in the population, but was probably not the most important factor. Public health interventions should continue to target smoking cessation, and also target obesity prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
ReviewPromoting colorectal cancer screening: A scoping review of screening interventions and resources.
Early detection through screening can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, but approximately 33% of adults aged 50-75 are not getting screened as recommended. Many interventions to increase CRC screening have been tested, but clinical and community organizations may be challenged in identifying the optimum programs and program materials to increase screening and ultimately reduce CRC mortality. ⋯ Interventions varied greatly in terms of follow-up time, test modality, and data sources. Organizations seeking to implement a program aimed at increasing CRC screening should consider both intervention components and relevant program materials.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
ReviewExamining lung cancer screening utilization with public-use data: Opportunities and challenges.
Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography is recommended for high-risk smokers who meet specific eligibility criteria. Current guidelines suggest that eligible adults with a heavy smoking history will benefit from annual low dose computed tomography but due to several associated risks (e.g., false-positives, radiation exposure, overdiagnosis) a shared decision-making consultation is required by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and endorsed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force. ⋯ The results show that none of the surveys include items that fully assess current LCS guidelines. Implications for future research-including the potential to examine factors associated with LCS uptake and patient-provider communication-are addressed.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
Pre-and postnatal maternal smoking and offspring smoking trajectories: Evidence from a 20-year birth cohort.
Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of smoking in the offspring. However, it remains unclear whether this association depends on the timing of exposure to maternal smoking. We investigated the association between prenatal and/or postnatal maternal smoking and offspring smoking during adolescence. ⋯ We also found that only youth whose mothers were persistent smokers had an increased risk of late-onset smoking. Regardless of timing, offspring exposure to maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of smoking during adolescence. More research is needed on how to create effective smoking cessation campaigns that span preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods to help prevent intergenerational transmission of smoking behaviors.