Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Multicenter StudyPhysical activity rather than sedentary behaviour is socially determined in French adolescents with overweight and obesity.
Social differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, known as the weight social gradient, could be explained by differences in behaviours between social classes. This study examined the respective association of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and weight status with adolescents' socioeconomic status. We used cross-sectional data for 1935 adolescents (13-18 years old) with overweight or obesity who participated in the PRALIMAP-INÉS (PRomotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique - INÉgalités de Santé) trial conducted in northeastern France between 2012 and 2015. ⋯ PA was found an important factor of weight social gradient in adolescence. Actions aimed at preventing weight social inequalities among adolescents could include PA promotion as lever. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY AND NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01688453).
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Secondhand smoke exposure and higher blood pressure in children and adolescents participating in NHANES.
We assessed the relationship between acute and intermittent secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure with child and adolescent blood pressure (BP). We analyzed cross-sectional data from 3579 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2012, with SHS exposure assessed via serum cotinine (a biomarker for acute exposures) and urine NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, a biomarker for intermittent exposures). BP percentiles and z-scores were calculated according to the 2017 guidelines established by the American Academy of Pediatrics. ⋯ For serum cotinine, an IQR increase was associated with 0.097 (95% CI: 0.020, 0.17) higher DBP z-scores, but was not significantly associated with SBP z-scores. The associations of cotinine and NNAL with BP also differed by sex. Our findings provide the first characterization of the relationship between a major tobacco-specific metabolite, NNAL, and BP z-scores in a nationally representative population of US children.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
ReviewColorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood tests for Indigenous adults: A systematic literature review of barriers, enablers and implemented strategies.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a well-established population intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity of CRC. As Indigenous people are not fully benefiting from the screening programs, a greater understanding of barriers and enablers affecting participation is needed. ⋯ The review identified barriers and possible enablers for Indigenous participation in the CRC screening program, some which appear to be unique to Indigenous people. Further intervention studies conducted in partnership with Indigenous communities are needed to improve participation.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Incidence and public health burden of sunburn among beachgoers in the United States.
The beach environment creates many barriers to effective sun protection, putting beachgoers at risk for sunburn, a well-established risk factor for skin cancer. Our objective was to estimate incidence of sunburn among beachgoers and evaluate the relationship between sunburn incidence and sun-protective behaviors. A secondary analysis, of prospective cohorts at 12 locations within the U. ⋯ For those spending ≥5 h in the sun, the use of multiple types of sun protection reduced odds of sunburn by 55% relative to those who used no sun protection (Odds Ratio = 0.45 (95% Confidence Interval:0.27-0.77)) after adjusting for skin type, age, and race. Acute health effects of sunburn tend to be mild and self-limiting, but potential long-term health consequences are more serious and costly. Efforts to encourage and support proper sun-protective behaviors, and increase access to shade, protective clothing, and sunscreen, can help prevent sunburn and reduce skin cancer risk among beachgoers.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Price Elasticity of cigarette smoking demand in the Philippines after the 2012 Sin Tax Reform Act.
The Philippine tobacco excise tax reform law passed in 2012 drastically increased cigarette prices which were historically low. A pack of 20 cigarettes costing nine cents (US Dollar) or less was taxed five cents in 2011. When the reform took effect in 2013, each pack was taxed 24 cents which is almost five times the 2011 rate. ⋯ Results confirm that cigarette demand is inelastic, given that total cigarette price elasticity of demand ranges from -0.56 to -1.10 which means that for every 10% price increase, total cigarette demand declines by 5.6% to 11.0%. This study also provides total price elasticities for different subpopulations. Future studies can use these elasticity estimates to forecast smoking prevalence and provide policy recommendations.